Squashed 'third_party/boostorg/integer/' content from commit 66dbc2c
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git-subtree-dir: third_party/boostorg/integer
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+<html>
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+<p>
+ The <a href="../../../../../libs/config/doc/html/boost_config/cstdint.html" target="_top">Boost.Config</a>
+ module provides the typedefs useful for writing portable code that requires
+ certain integer widths.
+ </p>
+</div>
+<table xmlns:rev="http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" width="100%"><tr>
+<td align="left"></td>
+<td align="right"><div class="copyright-footer">Copyright © 2001-2009 Beman
+ Dawes, Daryle Walker, Gennaro Prota, John Maddock<p>
+ Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
+ file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
+ </p>
+</div></td>
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+<html>
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=US-ASCII">
+<title>Greatest Common Divisor and Least Common Multiple</title>
+<link rel="stylesheet" href="../../../../../doc/src/boostbook.css" type="text/css">
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+</div>
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+<a name="boost_integer.gcd_lcm"></a><a class="link" href="gcd_lcm.html" title="Greatest Common Divisor and Least Common Multiple">Greatest Common Divisor and Least
+ Common Multiple</a>
+</h2></div></div></div>
+<div class="toc"><dl>
+<dt><span class="section"><a href="gcd_lcm.html#boost_integer.gcd_lcm.introduction">Introduction</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="section"><a href="gcd_lcm.html#boost_integer.gcd_lcm.synopsis">Synopsis</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="section"><a href="gcd_lcm.html#boost_integer.gcd_lcm.gcd_function_object">GCD Function
+ Object</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="section"><a href="gcd_lcm.html#boost_integer.gcd_lcm.lcm_function_object">LCM Function
+ Object</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="section"><a href="gcd_lcm.html#boost_integer.gcd_lcm.run_time">Run-time GCD & LCM
+ Determination</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="section"><a href="gcd_lcm.html#boost_integer.gcd_lcm.compile_time">Compile time GCD
+ and LCM determination</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="section"><a href="gcd_lcm.html#boost_integer.gcd_lcm.gcd_header">Header <boost/math/common_factor.hpp></a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="section"><a href="gcd_lcm.html#boost_integer.gcd_lcm.demo">Demonstration Program</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="section"><a href="gcd_lcm.html#boost_integer.gcd_lcm.rationale">Rationale</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="section"><a href="gcd_lcm.html#boost_integer.gcd_lcm.gcd_history">History</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="section"><a href="gcd_lcm.html#boost_integer.gcd_lcm.gcd_credits">Credits</a></span></dt>
+</dl></div>
+<div class="section">
+<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
+<a name="boost_integer.gcd_lcm.introduction"></a><a class="link" href="gcd_lcm.html#boost_integer.gcd_lcm.introduction" title="Introduction">Introduction</a>
+</h3></div></div></div>
+<p>
+ The class and function templates in <boost/math/common_factor.hpp>
+ provide run-time and compile-time evaluation of the greatest common divisor
+ (GCD) or least common multiple (LCM) of two integers. These facilities are
+ useful for many numeric-oriented generic programming problems.
+ </p>
+</div>
+<div class="section">
+<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
+<a name="boost_integer.gcd_lcm.synopsis"></a><a class="link" href="gcd_lcm.html#boost_integer.gcd_lcm.synopsis" title="Synopsis">Synopsis</a>
+</h3></div></div></div>
+<pre class="programlisting"><span class="keyword">namespace</span> <span class="identifier">boost</span>
+<span class="special">{</span>
+<span class="keyword">namespace</span> <span class="identifier">math</span>
+<span class="special">{</span>
+
+<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special"><</span> <span class="keyword">typename</span> <span class="identifier">IntegerType</span> <span class="special">></span>
+ <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">gcd_evaluator</span><span class="special">;</span>
+<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special"><</span> <span class="keyword">typename</span> <span class="identifier">IntegerType</span> <span class="special">></span>
+ <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">lcm_evaluator</span><span class="special">;</span>
+
+<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special"><</span> <span class="keyword">typename</span> <span class="identifier">IntegerType</span> <span class="special">></span>
+ <span class="keyword">constexpr</span> <span class="identifier">IntegerType</span> <span class="identifier">gcd</span><span class="special">(</span> <span class="identifier">IntegerType</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="special">&</span><span class="identifier">a</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">IntegerType</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="special">&</span><span class="identifier">b</span> <span class="special">);</span>
+<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special"><</span> <span class="keyword">typename</span> <span class="identifier">IntegerType</span> <span class="special">></span>
+ <span class="keyword">constexpr</span> <span class="identifier">IntegerType</span> <span class="identifier">lcm</span><span class="special">(</span> <span class="identifier">IntegerType</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="special">&</span><span class="identifier">a</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">IntegerType</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="special">&</span><span class="identifier">b</span> <span class="special">);</span>
+<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special"><</span> <span class="keyword">typename</span> <span class="identifier">IntegerType</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">typename</span><span class="special">...</span> <span class="identifier">Args</span> <span class="special">></span>
+ <span class="keyword">constexpr</span> <span class="identifier">IntegerType</span> <span class="identifier">gcd</span><span class="special">(</span> <span class="identifier">IntegerType</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="special">&</span><span class="identifier">a</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">IntegerType</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="special">&</span><span class="identifier">b</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">Args</span> <span class="keyword">const</span><span class="special">&...</span> <span class="special">);</span>
+<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special"><</span> <span class="keyword">typename</span> <span class="identifier">IntegerType</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">typename</span><span class="special">...</span> <span class="identifier">Args</span> <span class="special">></span>
+ <span class="keyword">constexpr</span> <span class="identifier">IntegerType</span> <span class="identifier">lcm</span><span class="special">(</span> <span class="identifier">IntegerType</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="special">&</span><span class="identifier">a</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">IntegerType</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="special">&</span><span class="identifier">b</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">Args</span> <span class="keyword">const</span><span class="special">&...</span> <span class="special">);</span>
+
+<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special"><</span><span class="keyword">typename</span> <span class="identifier">I</span><span class="special">></span>
+<span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">pair</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="keyword">typename</span> <span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">iterator_traits</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">I</span><span class="special">>::</span><span class="identifier">value_type</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">I</span><span class="special">></span>
+ <span class="identifier">gcd_range</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">I</span> <span class="identifier">first</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">I</span> <span class="identifier">last</span><span class="special">);</span>
+<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special"><</span><span class="keyword">typename</span> <span class="identifier">I</span><span class="special">></span>
+<span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">pair</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="keyword">typename</span> <span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">iterator_traits</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">I</span><span class="special">>::</span><span class="identifier">value_type</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">I</span><span class="special">></span>
+ <span class="identifier">lcm_range</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">I</span> <span class="identifier">first</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">I</span> <span class="identifier">last</span><span class="special">);</span>
+
+<span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="emphasis"><em>see-below</em></span> <span class="identifier">static_gcd_type</span><span class="special">;</span>
+
+<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special"><</span> <span class="identifier">static_gcd_type</span> <span class="identifier">Value1</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">static_gcd_type</span> <span class="identifier">Value2</span> <span class="special">></span>
+ <span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">static_gcd</span><span class="special">;</span>
+<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special"><</span> <span class="identifier">static_gcd_type</span> <span class="identifier">Value1</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">static_gcd_type</span> <span class="identifier">Value2</span> <span class="special">></span>
+ <span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">static_lcm</span><span class="special">;</span>
+
+<span class="special">}</span>
+<span class="special">}</span>
+</pre>
+</div>
+<div class="section">
+<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
+<a name="boost_integer.gcd_lcm.gcd_function_object"></a><a class="link" href="gcd_lcm.html#boost_integer.gcd_lcm.gcd_function_object" title="GCD Function Object">GCD Function
+ Object</a>
+</h3></div></div></div>
+<p>
+ <span class="bold"><strong>Header: </strong></span> <a href="../../../../../boost/math/common_factor_rt.hpp" target="_top"><boost/math/common_factor_rt.hpp></a>
+ </p>
+<pre class="programlisting"><span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special"><</span> <span class="keyword">typename</span> <span class="identifier">IntegerType</span> <span class="special">></span>
+<span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">math</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">gcd_evaluator</span>
+<span class="special">{</span>
+<span class="keyword">public</span><span class="special">:</span>
+ <span class="comment">// Types</span>
+ <span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="identifier">IntegerType</span> <span class="identifier">result_type</span><span class="special">;</span>
+ <span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="identifier">IntegerType</span> <span class="identifier">first_argument_type</span><span class="special">;</span>
+ <span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="identifier">IntegerType</span> <span class="identifier">second_argument_type</span><span class="special">;</span>
+
+ <span class="comment">// Function object interface</span>
+ <span class="keyword">constexpr</span> <span class="identifier">result_type</span> <span class="keyword">operator</span> <span class="special">()(</span>
+ <span class="identifier">first_argument_type</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="special">&</span><span class="identifier">a</span><span class="special">,</span>
+ <span class="identifier">second_argument_type</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="special">&</span><span class="identifier">b</span> <span class="special">)</span> <span class="keyword">const</span><span class="special">;</span>
+<span class="special">};</span>
+</pre>
+<p>
+ The boost::math::gcd_evaluator class template defines a function object class
+ to return the greatest common divisor of two integers. The template is parameterized
+ by a single type, called IntegerType here. This type should be a numeric
+ type that represents integers. The result of the function object is always
+ nonnegative, even if either of the operator arguments is negative.
+ </p>
+<p>
+ This function object class template is used in the corresponding version
+ of the GCD function template. If a numeric type wants to customize evaluations
+ of its greatest common divisors, then the type should specialize on the gcd_evaluator
+ class template.
+ </p>
+<p>
+ Note that these function objects are <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">constexpr</span></code>
+ in C++14 and later only. They are also declared <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">noexcept</span></code>
+ when appropriate.
+ </p>
+</div>
+<div class="section">
+<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
+<a name="boost_integer.gcd_lcm.lcm_function_object"></a><a class="link" href="gcd_lcm.html#boost_integer.gcd_lcm.lcm_function_object" title="LCM Function Object">LCM Function
+ Object</a>
+</h3></div></div></div>
+<p>
+ <span class="bold"><strong>Header: </strong></span> <a href="../../../../../boost/math/common_factor_rt.hpp" target="_top"><boost/math/common_factor_rt.hpp></a>
+ </p>
+<pre class="programlisting"><span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special"><</span> <span class="keyword">typename</span> <span class="identifier">IntegerType</span> <span class="special">></span>
+<span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">math</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">lcm_evaluator</span>
+<span class="special">{</span>
+<span class="keyword">public</span><span class="special">:</span>
+ <span class="comment">// Types</span>
+ <span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="identifier">IntegerType</span> <span class="identifier">result_type</span><span class="special">;</span>
+ <span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="identifier">IntegerType</span> <span class="identifier">first_argument_type</span><span class="special">;</span>
+ <span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="identifier">IntegerType</span> <span class="identifier">second_argument_type</span><span class="special">;</span>
+
+ <span class="comment">// Function object interface</span>
+ <span class="keyword">constexpr</span> <span class="identifier">result_type</span> <span class="keyword">operator</span> <span class="special">()(</span>
+ <span class="identifier">first_argument_type</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="special">&</span><span class="identifier">a</span><span class="special">,</span>
+ <span class="identifier">second_argument_type</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="special">&</span><span class="identifier">b</span> <span class="special">)</span> <span class="keyword">const</span><span class="special">;</span>
+<span class="special">};</span>
+</pre>
+<p>
+ The boost::math::lcm_evaluator class template defines a function object class
+ to return the least common multiple of two integers. The template is parameterized
+ by a single type, called IntegerType here. This type should be a numeric
+ type that represents integers. The result of the function object is always
+ nonnegative, even if either of the operator arguments is negative. If the
+ least common multiple is beyond the range of the integer type, the results
+ are undefined.
+ </p>
+<p>
+ This function object class template is used in the corresponding version
+ of the LCM function template. If a numeric type wants to customize evaluations
+ of its least common multiples, then the type should specialize on the lcm_evaluator
+ class template.
+ </p>
+<p>
+ Note that these function objects are constexpr in C++14 and later only. They
+ are also declared <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">noexcept</span></code> when
+ appropriate.
+ </p>
+</div>
+<div class="section">
+<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
+<a name="boost_integer.gcd_lcm.run_time"></a><a class="link" href="gcd_lcm.html#boost_integer.gcd_lcm.run_time" title="Run-time GCD & LCM Determination">Run-time GCD & LCM
+ Determination</a>
+</h3></div></div></div>
+<p>
+ <span class="bold"><strong>Header: </strong></span> <a href="../../../../../boost/math/common_factor_rt.hpp" target="_top"><boost/math/common_factor_rt.hpp></a>
+ </p>
+<pre class="programlisting"><span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special"><</span> <span class="keyword">typename</span> <span class="identifier">IntegerType</span> <span class="special">></span>
+<span class="keyword">constexpr</span> <span class="identifier">IntegerType</span> <span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">math</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">gcd</span><span class="special">(</span> <span class="identifier">IntegerType</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="special">&</span><span class="identifier">a</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">IntegerType</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="special">&</span><span class="identifier">b</span> <span class="special">);</span>
+
+<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special"><</span> <span class="keyword">typename</span> <span class="identifier">IntegerType</span> <span class="special">></span>
+<span class="keyword">constexpr</span> <span class="identifier">IntegerType</span> <span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">math</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">lcm</span><span class="special">(</span> <span class="identifier">IntegerType</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="special">&</span><span class="identifier">a</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">IntegerType</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="special">&</span><span class="identifier">b</span> <span class="special">);</span>
+
+<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special"><</span> <span class="keyword">typename</span> <span class="identifier">IntegerType</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">typename</span><span class="special">...</span> <span class="identifier">Args</span> <span class="special">></span>
+ <span class="keyword">constexpr</span> <span class="identifier">IntegerType</span> <span class="identifier">gcd</span><span class="special">(</span> <span class="identifier">IntegerType</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="special">&</span><span class="identifier">a</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">IntegerType</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="special">&</span><span class="identifier">b</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">Args</span> <span class="keyword">const</span><span class="special">&...</span> <span class="special">);</span>
+
+<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special"><</span> <span class="keyword">typename</span> <span class="identifier">IntegerType</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">typename</span><span class="special">...</span> <span class="identifier">Args</span> <span class="special">></span>
+ <span class="keyword">constexpr</span> <span class="identifier">IntegerType</span> <span class="identifier">lcm</span><span class="special">(</span> <span class="identifier">IntegerType</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="special">&</span><span class="identifier">a</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">IntegerType</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="special">&</span><span class="identifier">b</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">Args</span> <span class="keyword">const</span><span class="special">&...</span> <span class="special">);</span>
+
+<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special"><</span><span class="keyword">typename</span> <span class="identifier">I</span><span class="special">></span>
+<span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">pair</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="keyword">typename</span> <span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">iterator_traits</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">I</span><span class="special">>::</span><span class="identifier">value_type</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">I</span><span class="special">></span>
+ <span class="identifier">gcd_range</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">I</span> <span class="identifier">first</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">I</span> <span class="identifier">last</span><span class="special">);</span>
+
+<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special"><</span><span class="keyword">typename</span> <span class="identifier">I</span><span class="special">></span>
+<span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">pair</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="keyword">typename</span> <span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">iterator_traits</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">I</span><span class="special">>::</span><span class="identifier">value_type</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">I</span><span class="special">></span>
+ <span class="identifier">lcm_range</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">I</span> <span class="identifier">first</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">I</span> <span class="identifier">last</span><span class="special">);</span>
+</pre>
+<p>
+ The boost::math::gcd function template returns the greatest common (nonnegative)
+ divisor of the two integers passed to it. <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">math</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">gcd_range</span></code>
+ is the iteration of the above gcd algorithm over a range, returning the greatest
+ common divisor of all the elements. The algorithm terminates when the gcd
+ reaches unity or the end of the range. Thus it also returns the iterator
+ after the last element inspected because this may not be equal to the end
+ of the range. The variadic version of <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">gcd</span></code>
+ behaves similarly but does not indicate which input value caused the gcd
+ to reach unity.
+ </p>
+<p>
+ The boost::math::lcm function template returns the least common (nonnegative)
+ multiple of the two integers passed to it. As with gcd, there are range and
+ variadic versions of the function for more than 2 arguments.
+ </p>
+<p>
+ Note that these functions are constexpr in C++14 and later only. They are
+ also declared <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">noexcept</span></code> when
+ appropriate.
+ </p>
+</div>
+<div class="section">
+<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
+<a name="boost_integer.gcd_lcm.compile_time"></a><a class="link" href="gcd_lcm.html#boost_integer.gcd_lcm.compile_time" title="Compile time GCD and LCM determination">Compile time GCD
+ and LCM determination</a>
+</h3></div></div></div>
+<div class="note"><table border="0" summary="Note">
+<tr>
+<td rowspan="2" align="center" valign="top" width="25"><img alt="[Note]" src="../../../../../doc/src/images/note.png"></td>
+<th align="left">Note</th>
+</tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top"><p>
+ These functions are deprecated in favor of constexpr <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">gcd</span></code>
+ and <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">lcm</span></code> on C++14 capable
+ compilers.
+ </p></td></tr>
+</table></div>
+<p>
+ <span class="bold"><strong>Header: </strong></span> <a href="../../../../../boost/math/common_factor_ct.hpp" target="_top"><boost/math/common_factor_ct.hpp></a>
+ </p>
+<pre class="programlisting"><span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="emphasis"><em>unspecified</em></span> <span class="identifier">static_gcd_type</span><span class="special">;</span>
+
+<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special"><</span> <span class="identifier">static_gcd_type</span> <span class="identifier">Value1</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">static_gcd_type</span> <span class="identifier">Value2</span> <span class="special">></span>
+<span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">math</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">static_gcd</span> <span class="special">:</span> <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="identifier">mpl</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">integral_c</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">static_gcd_type</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">implementation_defined</span><span class="special">></span>
+<span class="special">{</span>
+<span class="special">};</span>
+
+<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special"><</span> <span class="identifier">static_gcd_type</span> <span class="identifier">Value1</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">static_gcd_type</span> <span class="identifier">Value2</span> <span class="special">></span>
+<span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">math</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">static_lcm</span> <span class="special">:</span> <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="identifier">mpl</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">integral_c</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">static_gcd_type</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">implementation_defined</span><span class="special">></span>
+<span class="special">{</span>
+<span class="special">};</span>
+</pre>
+<p>
+ The type <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">static_gcd_type</span></code>
+ is the widest unsigned-integer-type that is supported for use in integral-constant-expressions
+ by the compiler. Usually this the same type as <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">uintmax_t</span></code>,
+ but may fall back to being <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">unsigned</span>
+ <span class="keyword">long</span></code> for some older compilers.
+ </p>
+<p>
+ The boost::math::static_gcd and boost::math::static_lcm class templates take
+ two value-based template parameters of the <span class="emphasis"><em>static_gcd_type</em></span>
+ type and inherit from the type <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">mpl</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">integral_c</span></code>. Inherited from the base class,
+ they have a member <span class="emphasis"><em>value</em></span> that is the greatest common
+ factor or least common multiple, respectively, of the template arguments.
+ A compile-time error will occur if the least common multiple is beyond the
+ range of <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">static_gcd_type</span></code>.
+ </p>
+<h4>
+<a name="boost_integer.gcd_lcm.compile_time.h0"></a>
+ <span class="phrase"><a name="boost_integer.gcd_lcm.compile_time.example"></a></span><a class="link" href="gcd_lcm.html#boost_integer.gcd_lcm.compile_time.example">Example</a>
+ </h4>
+<pre class="programlisting"><span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">math</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">common_factor</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">></span>
+<span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">algorithm</span><span class="special">></span>
+<span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">iterator</span><span class="special">></span>
+<span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">iostream</span><span class="special">></span>
+
+<span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="identifier">main</span><span class="special">()</span>
+<span class="special">{</span>
+ <span class="keyword">using</span> <span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">cout</span><span class="special">;</span>
+ <span class="keyword">using</span> <span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">endl</span><span class="special">;</span>
+
+ <span class="identifier">cout</span> <span class="special"><<</span> <span class="string">"The GCD and LCM of 6 and 15 are "</span>
+ <span class="special"><<</span> <span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">math</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">gcd</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="number">6</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="number">15</span><span class="special">)</span> <span class="special"><<</span> <span class="string">" and "</span>
+ <span class="special"><<</span> <span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">math</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">lcm</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="number">6</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="number">15</span><span class="special">)</span> <span class="special"><<</span> <span class="string">", respectively."</span>
+ <span class="special"><<</span> <span class="identifier">endl</span><span class="special">;</span>
+
+ <span class="identifier">cout</span> <span class="special"><<</span> <span class="string">"The GCD and LCM of 8 and 9 are "</span>
+ <span class="special"><<</span> <span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">math</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">static_gcd</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="number">8</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="number">9</span><span class="special">>::</span><span class="identifier">value</span>
+ <span class="special"><<</span> <span class="string">" and "</span>
+ <span class="special"><<</span> <span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">math</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">static_lcm</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="number">8</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="number">9</span><span class="special">>::</span><span class="identifier">value</span>
+ <span class="special"><<</span> <span class="string">", respectively."</span> <span class="special"><<</span> <span class="identifier">endl</span><span class="special">;</span>
+
+ <span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="identifier">a</span><span class="special">[]</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="special">{</span> <span class="number">4</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="number">5</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="number">6</span> <span class="special">},</span> <span class="identifier">b</span><span class="special">[]</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="special">{</span> <span class="number">7</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="number">8</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="number">9</span> <span class="special">},</span> <span class="identifier">c</span><span class="special">[</span><span class="number">3</span><span class="special">];</span>
+ <span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">transform</span><span class="special">(</span> <span class="identifier">a</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">a</span> <span class="special">+</span> <span class="number">3</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">b</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">c</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">math</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">gcd_evaluator</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">>()</span> <span class="special">);</span>
+ <span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">copy</span><span class="special">(</span> <span class="identifier">c</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">c</span> <span class="special">+</span> <span class="number">3</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">ostream_iterator</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">>(</span><span class="identifier">cout</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="string">" "</span><span class="special">)</span> <span class="special">);</span>
+<span class="special">}</span>
+</pre>
+</div>
+<div class="section">
+<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
+<a name="boost_integer.gcd_lcm.gcd_header"></a><a class="link" href="gcd_lcm.html#boost_integer.gcd_lcm.gcd_header" title="Header <boost/math/common_factor.hpp>">Header <boost/math/common_factor.hpp></a>
+</h3></div></div></div>
+<p>
+ This header simply includes the headers <a href="../../../../../boost/math/common_factor_ct.hpp" target="_top"><boost/math/common_factor_ct.hpp></a>
+ and <a href="../../../../../boost/math/common_factor_rt.hpp" target="_top"><boost/math/common_factor_rt.hpp></a>.
+ </p>
+<p>
+ Note this is a legacy header: it used to contain the actual implementation,
+ but the compile-time and run-time facilities were moved to separate headers
+ (since they were independent of each other).
+ </p>
+</div>
+<div class="section">
+<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
+<a name="boost_integer.gcd_lcm.demo"></a><a class="link" href="gcd_lcm.html#boost_integer.gcd_lcm.demo" title="Demonstration Program">Demonstration Program</a>
+</h3></div></div></div>
+<p>
+ The program <a href="../../../../../libs/math/test/common_factor_test.cpp" target="_top">common_factor_test.cpp</a>
+ is a demonstration of the results from instantiating various examples of
+ the run-time GCD and LCM function templates and the compile-time GCD and
+ LCM class templates. (The run-time GCD and LCM class templates are tested
+ indirectly through the run-time function templates.)
+ </p>
+</div>
+<div class="section">
+<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
+<a name="boost_integer.gcd_lcm.rationale"></a><a class="link" href="gcd_lcm.html#boost_integer.gcd_lcm.rationale" title="Rationale">Rationale</a>
+</h3></div></div></div>
+<p>
+ The greatest common divisor and least common multiple functions are greatly
+ used in some numeric contexts, including some of the other Boost libraries.
+ Centralizing these functions to one header improves code factoring and eases
+ maintainence.
+ </p>
+</div>
+<div class="section">
+<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
+<a name="boost_integer.gcd_lcm.gcd_history"></a><a class="link" href="gcd_lcm.html#boost_integer.gcd_lcm.gcd_history" title="History">History</a>
+</h3></div></div></div>
+<div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
+<li class="listitem">
+ 24th April 2017 Moved to Jeremy Murphy's improved algorithms, added constexpr
+ and noexcept support, added compiler intrinsic support, added variadic
+ and range based versions of the algorithms.
+ </li>
+<li class="listitem">
+ 13 May 2013 Moved into main Boost.Math Quickbook documentation.
+ </li>
+<li class="listitem">
+ 17 Dec 2005: Converted documentation to Quickbook Format.
+ </li>
+<li class="listitem">
+ 2 Jul 2002: Compile-time and run-time items separated to new headers.
+ </li>
+<li class="listitem">
+ 7 Nov 2001: Initial version
+ </li>
+</ul></div>
+</div>
+<div class="section">
+<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
+<a name="boost_integer.gcd_lcm.gcd_credits"></a><a class="link" href="gcd_lcm.html#boost_integer.gcd_lcm.gcd_credits" title="Credits">Credits</a>
+</h3></div></div></div>
+<p>
+ The author of the Boost compilation of GCD and LCM computations is Daryle
+ Walker. The code was prompted by existing code hiding in the implementations
+ of Paul Moore's rational library and Steve Cleary's pool library. The code
+ had updates by Helmut Zeisel.
+ </p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<table xmlns:rev="http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" width="100%"><tr>
+<td align="left"></td>
+<td align="right"><div class="copyright-footer">Copyright © 2001-2009 Beman
+ Dawes, Daryle Walker, Gennaro Prota, John Maddock<p>
+ Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
+ file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
+ </p>
+</div></td>
+</tr></table>
+<hr>
+<div class="spirit-nav">
+<a accesskey="p" href="integer.html"><img src="../../../../../doc/src/images/prev.png" alt="Prev"></a><a accesskey="u" href="../index.html"><img src="../../../../../doc/src/images/up.png" alt="Up"></a><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html"><img src="../../../../../doc/src/images/home.png" alt="Home"></a><a accesskey="n" href="mask.html"><img src="../../../../../doc/src/images/next.png" alt="Next"></a>
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+<html>
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=US-ASCII">
+<title>History</title>
+<link rel="stylesheet" href="../../../../../doc/src/boostbook.css" type="text/css">
+<meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.77.1">
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+</h2></div></div></div>
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+<a name="boost_integer.history.h0"></a>
+ <span class="phrase"><a name="boost_integer.history.1_56_0"></a></span><a class="link" href="history.html#boost_integer.history.1_56_0">1.56.0</a>
+ </h5>
+<div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem">
+ Moved <code class="computeroutput"><span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">cstdint</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">></span></code> into <a href="../../../../../libs/config/index.html" target="_top">Boost.Config</a>.
+ </li></ul></div>
+<h5>
+<a name="boost_integer.history.h1"></a>
+ <span class="phrase"><a name="boost_integer.history.1_42_0"></a></span><a class="link" href="history.html#boost_integer.history.1_42_0">1.42.0</a>
+ </h5>
+<div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
+<li class="listitem">
+ Reverted Trunk to release branch state (i.e. a "known good state").
+ </li>
+<li class="listitem">
+ Fixed issues: <a href="https://svn.boost.org/trac/boost/ticket/653" target="_top">653</a>,
+ <a href="https://svn.boost.org/trac/boost/ticket/3084" target="_top">3084</a>,
+ <a href="https://svn.boost.org/trac/boost/ticket/3177" target="_top">3177</a>,
+ <a href="https://svn.boost.org/trac/boost/ticket/3180" target="_top">3180</a>,
+ <a href="https://svn.boost.org/trac/boost/ticket/3548" target="_top">3568</a>,
+ <a href="https://svn.boost.org/trac/boost/ticket/3657" target="_top">3657</a>,
+ <a href="https://svn.boost.org/trac/boost/ticket/2134" target="_top">2134</a>.
+ </li>
+<li class="listitem">
+ Added long long support to <code class="literal">boost::static_log2</code>, <code class="literal">boost::static_signed_min</code>,
+ <code class="literal">boost::static_signed_max</code>, <code class="literal">boost::static_unsigned_min</code><code class="literal">boost::static_unsigned_max</code>,
+ when available.
+ </li>
+<li class="listitem">
+ The argument type and the result type of <code class="literal">boost::static_signed_min</code>
+ etc are now typedef'd. Formerly, they were hardcoded as <code class="literal">unsigned
+ long</code> and <code class="literal">int</code> respectively. Please, use the
+ provided typedefs in new code (and update old code as soon as possible).
+ </li>
+</ul></div>
+<h5>
+<a name="boost_integer.history.h2"></a>
+ <span class="phrase"><a name="boost_integer.history.1_32_0"></a></span><a class="link" href="history.html#boost_integer.history.1_32_0">1.32.0</a>
+ </h5>
+<div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem">
+ The argument type and the result type of <code class="literal">boost::static_log2</code>
+ are now typedef'd. Formerly, they were hardcoded as <code class="literal">unsigned long</code>
+ and <code class="literal">int</code> respectively. Please, use the provided typedefs
+ in new code (and update old code as soon as possible).
+ </li></ul></div>
+</div>
+<table xmlns:rev="http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" width="100%"><tr>
+<td align="left"></td>
+<td align="right"><div class="copyright-footer">Copyright © 2001-2009 Beman
+ Dawes, Daryle Walker, Gennaro Prota, John Maddock<p>
+ Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
+ file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
+ </p>
+</div></td>
+</tr></table>
+<hr>
+<div class="spirit-nav">
+<a accesskey="p" href="minmax.html"><img src="../../../../../doc/src/images/prev.png" alt="Prev"></a><a accesskey="u" href="../index.html"><img src="../../../../../doc/src/images/up.png" alt="Up"></a><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html"><img src="../../../../../doc/src/images/home.png" alt="Home"></a><a accesskey="n" href="cstdint.html"><img src="../../../../../doc/src/images/next.png" alt="Next"></a>
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+<html>
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=US-ASCII">
+<title>Integer Type Selection</title>
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+</div>
+<div class="section">
+<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
+<a name="boost_integer.integer"></a><a class="link" href="integer.html" title="Integer Type Selection">Integer Type Selection</a>
+</h2></div></div></div>
+<div class="toc"><dl>
+<dt><span class="section"><a href="integer.html#boost_integer.integer.synopsis">Synopsis</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="section"><a href="integer.html#boost_integer.integer.easiest">Easiest-to-Manipulate
+ Types</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="section"><a href="integer.html#boost_integer.integer.sized">Sized Types</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="section"><a href="integer.html#boost_integer.integer.example">Example</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="section"><a href="integer.html#boost_integer.integer.demonstration_program">Demonstration
+ Program</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="section"><a href="integer.html#boost_integer.integer.rationale">Rationale</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="section"><a href="integer.html#boost_integer.integer.alternative">Alternative</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="section"><a href="integer.html#boost_integer.integer.credits">Credits</a></span></dt>
+</dl></div>
+<p>
+ The <a href="../../../../../boost/integer.hpp" target="_top"><boost/integer.hpp></a>
+ type selection templates allow integer types to be selected based on desired
+ characteristics such as number of bits or maximum value. This facility is particularly
+ useful for solving generic programming problems.
+ </p>
+<div class="section">
+<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
+<a name="boost_integer.integer.synopsis"></a><a class="link" href="integer.html#boost_integer.integer.synopsis" title="Synopsis">Synopsis</a>
+</h3></div></div></div>
+<pre class="programlisting"><span class="keyword">namespace</span> <span class="identifier">boost</span>
+<span class="special">{</span>
+ <span class="comment">// fast integers from least integers</span>
+ <span class="keyword">template</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="keyword">typename</span> <span class="identifier">LeastInt</span><span class="special">></span>
+ <span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">int_fast_t</span>
+ <span class="special">{</span>
+ <span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="emphasis"><em>implementation-defined-type</em></span> <span class="identifier">type</span><span class="special">;</span>
+ <span class="special">};</span>
+
+ <span class="comment">// signed</span>
+ <span class="keyword">template</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="identifier">Bits</span><span class="special">></span>
+ <span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">int_t</span>
+ <span class="special">{</span>
+ <span class="comment">/* Member exact may or may not be defined depending upon Bits */</span>
+ <span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="emphasis"><em>implementation-defined-type</em></span> <span class="identifier">exact</span><span class="special">;</span>
+ <span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="emphasis"><em>implementation-defined-type</em></span> <span class="identifier">least</span><span class="special">;</span>
+ <span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="identifier">int_fast_t</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">least</span><span class="special">>::</span><span class="identifier">fast</span> <span class="identifier">fast</span><span class="special">;</span>
+ <span class="special">};</span>
+
+ <span class="comment">// unsigned</span>
+ <span class="keyword">template</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="identifier">Bits</span><span class="special">></span>
+ <span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">uint_t</span>
+ <span class="special">{</span>
+ <span class="comment">/* Member exact may or may not be defined depending upon Bits */</span>
+ <span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="emphasis"><em>implementation-defined-type</em></span> <span class="identifier">exact</span><span class="special">;</span>
+ <span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="emphasis"><em>implementation-defined-type</em></span> <span class="identifier">least</span><span class="special">;</span>
+ <span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="identifier">int_fast_t</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">least</span><span class="special">>::</span><span class="identifier">fast</span> <span class="identifier">fast</span><span class="special">;</span>
+ <span class="special">};</span>
+
+ <span class="comment">// signed</span>
+ <span class="keyword">template</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="keyword">long</span> <span class="keyword">long</span> <span class="identifier">MaxValue</span><span class="special">></span>
+ <span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">int_max_value_t</span>
+ <span class="special">{</span>
+ <span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="emphasis"><em>implementation-defined-type</em></span> <span class="identifier">least</span><span class="special">;</span>
+ <span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="identifier">int_fast_t</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">least</span><span class="special">>::</span><span class="identifier">fast</span> <span class="identifier">fast</span><span class="special">;</span>
+ <span class="special">};</span>
+
+ <span class="keyword">template</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="keyword">long</span> <span class="keyword">long</span> <span class="identifier">MinValue</span><span class="special">></span>
+ <span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">int_min_value_t</span>
+ <span class="special">{</span>
+ <span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="emphasis"><em>implementation-defined-type</em></span> <span class="identifier">least</span><span class="special">;</span>
+ <span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="identifier">int_fast_t</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">least</span><span class="special">>::</span><span class="identifier">fast</span> <span class="identifier">fast</span><span class="special">;</span>
+ <span class="special">};</span>
+
+ <span class="comment">// unsigned</span>
+ <span class="keyword">template</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="keyword">unsigned</span> <span class="keyword">long</span> <span class="keyword">long</span> <span class="identifier">Value</span><span class="special">></span>
+ <span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">uint_value_t</span>
+ <span class="special">{</span>
+ <span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="emphasis"><em>implementation-defined-type</em></span> <span class="identifier">least</span><span class="special">;</span>
+ <span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="identifier">int_fast_t</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">least</span><span class="special">>::</span><span class="identifier">fast</span> <span class="identifier">fast</span><span class="special">;</span>
+ <span class="special">};</span>
+<span class="special">}</span> <span class="comment">// namespace boost</span>
+</pre>
+</div>
+<div class="section">
+<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
+<a name="boost_integer.integer.easiest"></a><a class="link" href="integer.html#boost_integer.integer.easiest" title="Easiest-to-Manipulate Types">Easiest-to-Manipulate
+ Types</a>
+</h3></div></div></div>
+<p>
+ The <code class="literal">int_fast_t</code> class template maps its input type to the
+ next-largest type that the processor can manipulate the easiest, or to itself
+ if the input type is already an easy-to-manipulate type. For instance, processing
+ a bunch of <code class="literal">char</code> objects may go faster if they were converted
+ to <code class="literal">int</code> objects before processing. The input type, passed
+ as the only template parameter, must be a built-in integral type, except
+ <code class="literal">bool</code>. Unsigned integral types can be used, as well as
+ signed integral types. The output type is given as the nested type <code class="literal">fast</code>.
+ </p>
+<p>
+ <span class="bold"><strong>Implementation Notes:</strong></span> By default, the output
+ type is identical to the input type. Eventually, this code's implementation
+ should be customized for each platform to give accurate mappings between
+ the built-in types and the easiest-to-manipulate built-in types. Also, there
+ is no guarantee that the output type actually is easier to manipulate than
+ the input type.
+ </p>
+</div>
+<div class="section">
+<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
+<a name="boost_integer.integer.sized"></a><a class="link" href="integer.html#boost_integer.integer.sized" title="Sized Types">Sized Types</a>
+</h3></div></div></div>
+<p>
+ The <code class="literal">int_t</code>, <code class="literal">uint_t</code>, <code class="literal">int_max_value_t</code>,
+ <code class="literal">int_min_value_t</code>, and <code class="literal">uint_value_t</code> class
+ templates find the most appropiate built-in integral type for the given template
+ parameter. This type is given by the nested type <code class="literal">least</code>.
+ The easiest-to-manipulate version of that type is given by the nested type
+ <code class="literal">fast</code>. The following table describes each template's criteria.
+ </p>
+<div class="table">
+<a name="boost_integer.integer.sized.criteria_for_the_sized_type_class_templates"></a><p class="title"><b>Table 1. Criteria for the Sized Type Class Templates</b></p>
+<div class="table-contents"><table class="table" summary="Criteria for the Sized Type Class Templates">
+<colgroup>
+<col>
+<col>
+</colgroup>
+<thead><tr>
+<th>
+ <p>
+ Class Template
+ </p>
+ </th>
+<th>
+ <p>
+ Template Parameter Mapping
+ </p>
+ </th>
+</tr></thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr>
+<td>
+ <p>
+ <code class="literal">boost::int_t<N>::least</code>
+ </p>
+ </td>
+<td>
+ <p>
+ The smallest, built-in, signed integral type with at least <span class="emphasis"><em>N</em></span>
+ bits, including the sign bit. The parameter should be a positive
+ number. A compile-time error results if the parameter is larger
+ than the number of bits in the largest integer type.
+ </p>
+ </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>
+ <p>
+ <code class="literal">boost::int_t<N>::fast</code>
+ </p>
+ </td>
+<td>
+ <p>
+ The easiest-to-manipulate, built-in, signed integral type with
+ at least <span class="emphasis"><em>N</em></span> bits, including the sign bit. The
+ parameter should be a positive number. A compile-time error results
+ if the parameter is larger than the number of bits in the largest
+ integer type.
+ </p>
+ </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>
+ <p>
+ <code class="literal">boost::int_t<N>::exact</code>
+ </p>
+ </td>
+<td>
+ <p>
+ A built-in, signed integral type with exactly <span class="emphasis"><em>N</em></span>
+ bits, including the sign bit. The parameter should be a positive
+ number. Note that the member <span class="emphasis"><em>exact</em></span> is defined
+ <span class="bold"><strong>only</strong></span> if there exists a type with
+ exactly <span class="emphasis"><em>N</em></span> bits.
+ </p>
+ </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>
+ <p>
+ <code class="literal">boost::uint_t<N>::least</code>
+ </p>
+ </td>
+<td>
+ <p>
+ The smallest, built-in, unsigned integral type with at least <span class="emphasis"><em>N</em></span>
+ bits. The parameter should be a positive number. A compile-time
+ error results if the parameter is larger than the number of bits
+ in the largest integer type.
+ </p>
+ </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>
+ <p>
+ <code class="literal">boost::uint_t<N>::fast</code>
+ </p>
+ </td>
+<td>
+ <p>
+ The easiest-to-manipulate, built-in, unsigned integral type with
+ at least <span class="emphasis"><em>N</em></span> bits. The parameter should be a
+ positive number. A compile-time error results if the parameter
+ is larger than the number of bits in the largest integer type.
+ </p>
+ </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>
+ <p>
+ <code class="literal">boost::uint_t<N>::exact</code>
+ </p>
+ </td>
+<td>
+ <p>
+ A built-in, unsigned integral type with exactly <span class="emphasis"><em>N</em></span>
+ bits. The parameter should be a positive number. A compile-time
+ error results if the parameter is larger than the number of bits
+ in the largest integer type. Note that the member <span class="emphasis"><em>exact</em></span>
+ is defined <span class="bold"><strong>only</strong></span> if there exists
+ a type with exactly N bits.
+ </p>
+ </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>
+ <p>
+ <code class="literal">boost::int_max_value_t<V>::last</code>
+ </p>
+ </td>
+<td>
+ <p>
+ The smallest, built-in, signed integral type that can hold all
+ the values in the inclusive range <span class="emphasis"><em>0 - V</em></span>. The
+ parameter should be a positive number.
+ </p>
+ </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>
+ <p>
+ <code class="literal">boost::int_max_value_t<V>::fast</code>
+ </p>
+ </td>
+<td>
+ <p>
+ The easiest-to-manipulate, built-in, signed integral type that
+ can hold all the values in the inclusive range <span class="emphasis"><em>0 - V</em></span>.
+ The parameter should be a positive number.
+ </p>
+ </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>
+ <p>
+ <code class="literal">boost::int_min_value_t<V>::least</code>
+ </p>
+ </td>
+<td>
+ <p>
+ The smallest, built-in, signed integral type that can hold all
+ the values in the inclusive range <span class="emphasis"><em>V - 0</em></span>. The
+ parameter should be a negative number.
+ </p>
+ </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>
+ <p>
+ <code class="literal">boost::int_min_value_t<V>::fast</code>
+ </p>
+ </td>
+<td>
+ <p>
+ The easiest-to-manipulate, built-in, signed integral type that
+ can hold all the values in the inclusive range <span class="emphasis"><em>V - 0</em></span>.
+ The parameter should be a negative number.
+ </p>
+ </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>
+ <p>
+ <code class="literal">boost::uint_value_t<V>::least</code>
+ </p>
+ </td>
+<td>
+ <p>
+ The smallest, built-in, unsigned integral type that can hold all
+ positive values up to and including <span class="emphasis"><em>V</em></span>. The
+ parameter should be a positive number.
+ </p>
+ </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>
+ <p>
+ <code class="literal">boost::uint_value_t<V>::fast</code>
+ </p>
+ </td>
+<td>
+ <p>
+ The easiest-to-manipulate, built-in, unsigned integral type that
+ can hold all positive values up to and including <span class="emphasis"><em>V</em></span>.
+ The parameter should be a positive number.
+ </p>
+ </td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table></div>
+</div>
+<br class="table-break">
+</div>
+<div class="section">
+<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
+<a name="boost_integer.integer.example"></a><a class="link" href="integer.html#boost_integer.integer.example" title="Example">Example</a>
+</h3></div></div></div>
+<pre class="programlisting"><span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">integer</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">></span>
+
+<span class="comment">//...</span>
+
+<span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="identifier">main</span><span class="special">()</span>
+<span class="special">{</span>
+ <span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">int_t</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="number">24</span><span class="special">>::</span><span class="identifier">least</span> <span class="identifier">my_var</span><span class="special">;</span> <span class="comment">// my_var has at least 24-bits</span>
+ <span class="comment">//...</span>
+ <span class="comment">// This one is guarenteed not to be truncated:</span>
+ <span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">int_max_value_t</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="number">1000</span><span class="special">>::</span><span class="identifier">least</span> <span class="identifier">my1000</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="number">1000</span><span class="special">;</span>
+ <span class="comment">//...</span>
+ <span class="comment">// This one is guarenteed not to be truncated, and as fast</span>
+ <span class="comment">// to manipulate as possible, its size may be greater than</span>
+ <span class="comment">// that of my1000:</span>
+ <span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">int_max_value_t</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="number">1000</span><span class="special">>::</span><span class="identifier">fast</span> <span class="identifier">my_fast1000</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="number">1000</span><span class="special">;</span>
+<span class="special">}</span>
+</pre>
+</div>
+<div class="section">
+<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
+<a name="boost_integer.integer.demonstration_program"></a><a class="link" href="integer.html#boost_integer.integer.demonstration_program" title="Demonstration Program">Demonstration
+ Program</a>
+</h3></div></div></div>
+<p>
+ The program <a href="../../../test/integer_test.cpp" target="_top">integer_test.cpp</a>
+ is a simplistic demonstration of the results from instantiating various examples
+ of the sized type class templates.
+ </p>
+</div>
+<div class="section">
+<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
+<a name="boost_integer.integer.rationale"></a><a class="link" href="integer.html#boost_integer.integer.rationale" title="Rationale">Rationale</a>
+</h3></div></div></div>
+<p>
+ The rationale for the design of the templates in this header includes:
+ </p>
+<div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
+<li class="listitem">
+ Avoid recursion because of concern about C++'s limited guaranteed recursion
+ depth (17).
+ </li>
+<li class="listitem">
+ Avoid macros on general principles.
+ </li>
+<li class="listitem">
+ Try to keep the design as simple as possible.
+ </li>
+</ul></div>
+</div>
+<div class="section">
+<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
+<a name="boost_integer.integer.alternative"></a><a class="link" href="integer.html#boost_integer.integer.alternative" title="Alternative">Alternative</a>
+</h3></div></div></div>
+<p>
+ If the number of bits required is known beforehand, it may be more appropriate
+ to use the types supplied in <a href="../../../../../boost/cstdint.hpp" target="_top"><boost/cstdint.hpp></a>.
+ </p>
+</div>
+<div class="section">
+<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
+<a name="boost_integer.integer.credits"></a><a class="link" href="integer.html#boost_integer.integer.credits" title="Credits">Credits</a>
+</h3></div></div></div>
+<p>
+ The author of most of the Boost integer type choosing templates is <a href="http://www.boost.org/people/beman_dawes.html" target="_top">Beman Dawes</a>. He
+ gives thanks to Valentin Bonnard and <a href="http://www.boost.org/people/kevlin_henney.htm" target="_top">Kevlin
+ Henney</a> for sharing their designs for similar templates. <a href="http://www.boost.org/people/daryle_walker.html" target="_top">Daryle
+ Walker</a> designed the value-based sized templates.
+ </p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<table xmlns:rev="http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" width="100%"><tr>
+<td align="left"></td>
+<td align="right"><div class="copyright-footer">Copyright © 2001-2009 Beman
+ Dawes, Daryle Walker, Gennaro Prota, John Maddock<p>
+ Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
+ file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
+ </p>
+</div></td>
+</tr></table>
+<hr>
+<div class="spirit-nav">
+<a accesskey="p" href="traits.html"><img src="../../../../../doc/src/images/prev.png" alt="Prev"></a><a accesskey="u" href="../index.html"><img src="../../../../../doc/src/images/up.png" alt="Up"></a><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html"><img src="../../../../../doc/src/images/home.png" alt="Home"></a><a accesskey="n" href="gcd_lcm.html"><img src="../../../../../doc/src/images/next.png" alt="Next"></a>
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+</body>
+</html>
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+<div class="section">
+<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
+<a name="boost_integer.log2"></a><a class="link" href="log2.html" title="Compile Time log2 Calculation">Compile Time log2 Calculation</a>
+</h2></div></div></div>
+<div class="toc"><dl>
+<dt><span class="section"><a href="log2.html#boost_integer.log2.synopsis">Synopsis</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="section"><a href="log2.html#boost_integer.log2.usage">Usage</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="section"><a href="log2.html#boost_integer.log2.demonstration_program">Demonstration
+ Program</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="section"><a href="log2.html#boost_integer.log2.rationale">Rationale</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="section"><a href="log2.html#boost_integer.log2.credits">Credits</a></span></dt>
+</dl></div>
+<p>
+ The class template in <a href="../../../../../boost/integer/static_log2.hpp" target="_top"><boost/integer/static_log2.hpp></a>
+ determines the position of the highest bit in a given value. This facility
+ is useful for solving generic programming problems.
+ </p>
+<div class="section">
+<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
+<a name="boost_integer.log2.synopsis"></a><a class="link" href="log2.html#boost_integer.log2.synopsis" title="Synopsis">Synopsis</a>
+</h3></div></div></div>
+<pre class="programlisting"><span class="keyword">namespace</span> <span class="identifier">boost</span>
+<span class="special">{</span>
+
+ <span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="emphasis"><em>implementation-defined</em></span> <span class="identifier">static_log2_argument_type</span><span class="special">;</span>
+ <span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="emphasis"><em>implementation-defined</em></span> <span class="identifier">static_log2_result_type</span><span class="special">;</span>
+
+ <span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">static_log2_argument_type</span> <span class="identifier">arg</span><span class="special">></span>
+ <span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">static_log2</span>
+ <span class="special">{</span>
+ <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="identifier">static_log2_result_type</span> <span class="identifier">value</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="emphasis"><em>implementation-defined</em></span><span class="special">;</span>
+ <span class="special">};</span>
+
+
+ <span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special"><</span> <span class="special">></span>
+ <span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">static_log2</span><span class="special"><</span> <span class="number">0</span> <span class="special">></span>
+ <span class="special">{</span>
+ <span class="comment">// The logarithm of zero is undefined.</span>
+ <span class="special">};</span>
+
+
+<span class="special">}</span> <span class="comment">// namespace boost</span>
+</pre>
+</div>
+<div class="section">
+<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
+<a name="boost_integer.log2.usage"></a><a class="link" href="log2.html#boost_integer.log2.usage" title="Usage">Usage</a>
+</h3></div></div></div>
+<p>
+ The <code class="literal">boost::static_log2</code> class template takes one template
+ parameter, a value of type <code class="literal">static_log2_argument_type</code>.
+ The template only defines one member, <code class="literal">value</code>, which gives
+ the truncated, base-two logarithm of the template argument.
+ </p>
+<p>
+ Since the logarithm of zero, for any base, is undefined, there is a specialization
+ of <code class="literal">static_log2</code> for a template argument of zero. This specialization
+ has no members, so an attempt to use the base-two logarithm of zero results
+ in a compile-time error.
+ </p>
+<p>
+ Note:
+ </p>
+<div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
+<li class="listitem">
+ <code class="literal">static_log2_argument_type</code> is an <span class="emphasis"><em>unsigned
+ integer type</em></span> (C++ standard, 3.9.1p3).
+ </li>
+<li class="listitem">
+ <code class="literal">static_log2_result_type</code> is an <span class="emphasis"><em>integer type</em></span>
+ (C++ standard, 3.9.1p7).
+ </li>
+</ul></div>
+</div>
+<div class="section">
+<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
+<a name="boost_integer.log2.demonstration_program"></a><a class="link" href="log2.html#boost_integer.log2.demonstration_program" title="Demonstration Program">Demonstration
+ Program</a>
+</h3></div></div></div>
+<p>
+ The program <a href="../../../test/static_log2_test.cpp" target="_top">static_log2_test.cpp</a>
+ is a simplistic demonstration of the results from instantiating various examples
+ of the binary logarithm class template.
+ </p>
+</div>
+<div class="section">
+<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
+<a name="boost_integer.log2.rationale"></a><a class="link" href="log2.html#boost_integer.log2.rationale" title="Rationale">Rationale</a>
+</h3></div></div></div>
+<p>
+ The base-two (binary) logarithm, abbreviated lb, function is occasionally
+ used to give order-estimates of computer algorithms. The truncated logarithm
+ can be considered the highest power-of-two in a value, which corresponds
+ to the value's highest set bit (for binary integers). Sometimes the highest-bit
+ position could be used in generic programming, which requires the position
+ to be available statically (<span class="emphasis"><em>i.e.</em></span> at compile-time).
+ </p>
+</div>
+<div class="section">
+<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
+<a name="boost_integer.log2.credits"></a><a class="link" href="log2.html#boost_integer.log2.credits" title="Credits">Credits</a>
+</h3></div></div></div>
+<p>
+ The original version of the Boost binary logarithm class template was written
+ by <a href="http://www.boost.org/people/daryle_walker.html" target="_top">Daryle Walker</a>
+ and then enhanced by Giovanni Bajo with support for compilers without partial
+ template specialization. The current version was suggested, together with
+ a reference implementation, by Vesa Karvonen. Gennaro Prota wrote the actual
+ source file.
+ </p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<table xmlns:rev="http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" width="100%"><tr>
+<td align="left"></td>
+<td align="right"><div class="copyright-footer">Copyright © 2001-2009 Beman
+ Dawes, Daryle Walker, Gennaro Prota, John Maddock<p>
+ Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
+ file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
+ </p>
+</div></td>
+</tr></table>
+<hr>
+<div class="spirit-nav">
+<a accesskey="p" href="mask.html"><img src="../../../../../doc/src/images/prev.png" alt="Prev"></a><a accesskey="u" href="../index.html"><img src="../../../../../doc/src/images/up.png" alt="Up"></a><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html"><img src="../../../../../doc/src/images/home.png" alt="Home"></a><a accesskey="n" href="minmax.html"><img src="../../../../../doc/src/images/next.png" alt="Next"></a>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/doc/html/boost_integer/mask.html b/doc/html/boost_integer/mask.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0d72e1e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/html/boost_integer/mask.html
@@ -0,0 +1,380 @@
+<html>
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=US-ASCII">
+<title>Integer Masks</title>
+<link rel="stylesheet" href="../../../../../doc/src/boostbook.css" type="text/css">
+<meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.77.1">
+<link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="Boost.Integer">
+<link rel="up" href="../index.html" title="Boost.Integer">
+<link rel="prev" href="gcd_lcm.html" title="Greatest Common Divisor and Least Common Multiple">
+<link rel="next" href="log2.html" title="Compile Time log2 Calculation">
+</head>
+<body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF">
+<table cellpadding="2" width="100%"><tr>
+<td valign="top"><img alt="Boost C++ Libraries" width="277" height="86" src="../../../../../boost.png"></td>
+<td align="center"><a href="../../../../../index.html">Home</a></td>
+<td align="center"><a href="../../../../../libs/libraries.htm">Libraries</a></td>
+<td align="center"><a href="http://www.boost.org/users/people.html">People</a></td>
+<td align="center"><a href="http://www.boost.org/users/faq.html">FAQ</a></td>
+<td align="center"><a href="../../../../../more/index.htm">More</a></td>
+</tr></table>
+<hr>
+<div class="spirit-nav">
+<a accesskey="p" href="gcd_lcm.html"><img src="../../../../../doc/src/images/prev.png" alt="Prev"></a><a accesskey="u" href="../index.html"><img src="../../../../../doc/src/images/up.png" alt="Up"></a><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html"><img src="../../../../../doc/src/images/home.png" alt="Home"></a><a accesskey="n" href="log2.html"><img src="../../../../../doc/src/images/next.png" alt="Next"></a>
+</div>
+<div class="section">
+<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
+<a name="boost_integer.mask"></a><a class="link" href="mask.html" title="Integer Masks">Integer Masks</a>
+</h2></div></div></div>
+<div class="toc"><dl>
+<dt><span class="section"><a href="mask.html#boost_integer.mask.overview">Overview</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="section"><a href="mask.html#boost_integer.mask.synopsis">Synopsis</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="section"><a href="mask.html#boost_integer.mask.single_bit_mask_class_template">Single
+ Bit-Mask Class Template</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="section"><a href="mask.html#boost_integer.mask.group_bit_mask_class_template">Group
+ Bit-Mask Class Template</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="section"><a href="mask.html#boost_integer.mask.implementation_notes">Implementation
+ Notes</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="section"><a href="mask.html#boost_integer.mask.example">Example</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="section"><a href="mask.html#boost_integer.mask.demonstration_program">Demonstration
+ Program</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="section"><a href="mask.html#boost_integer.mask.rationale">Rationale</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="section"><a href="mask.html#boost_integer.mask.credits">Credits</a></span></dt>
+</dl></div>
+<div class="section">
+<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
+<a name="boost_integer.mask.overview"></a><a class="link" href="mask.html#boost_integer.mask.overview" title="Overview">Overview</a>
+</h3></div></div></div>
+<p>
+ The class templates in <a href="../../../../../boost/integer/integer_mask.hpp" target="_top"><boost/integer/integer_mask.hpp></a>
+ provide bit masks for a certain bit position or a contiguous-bit pack of
+ a certain size. The types of the masking constants come from the <a class="link" href="integer.html" title="Integer Type Selection">integer
+ type selection templates</a> header.
+ </p>
+</div>
+<div class="section">
+<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
+<a name="boost_integer.mask.synopsis"></a><a class="link" href="mask.html#boost_integer.mask.synopsis" title="Synopsis">Synopsis</a>
+</h3></div></div></div>
+<pre class="programlisting"><span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">cstddef</span><span class="special">></span> <span class="comment">// for std::size_t</span>
+
+<span class="keyword">namespace</span> <span class="identifier">boost</span>
+<span class="special">{</span>
+
+<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">size_t</span> <span class="identifier">Bit</span><span class="special">></span>
+<span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">high_bit_mask_t</span>
+<span class="special">{</span>
+ <span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="emphasis"><em>implementation-defined-type</em></span> <span class="identifier">least</span><span class="special">;</span>
+ <span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="emphasis"><em>implementation-defined-type</em></span> <span class="identifier">fast</span><span class="special">;</span>
+
+ <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="identifier">least</span> <span class="identifier">high_bit</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="emphasis"><em>implementation-defined</em></span><span class="special">;</span>
+ <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="identifier">fast</span> <span class="identifier">high_bit_fast</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="emphasis"><em>implementation-defined</em></span><span class="special">;</span>
+
+ <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">size_t</span> <span class="identifier">bit_position</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="identifier">Bit</span><span class="special">;</span>
+<span class="special">};</span>
+
+<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">size_t</span> <span class="identifier">Bits</span><span class="special">></span>
+<span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">low_bits_mask_t</span>
+<span class="special">{</span>
+ <span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="emphasis"><em>implementation-defined-type</em></span> <span class="identifier">least</span><span class="special">;</span>
+ <span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="emphasis"><em>implementation-defined-type</em></span> <span class="identifier">fast</span><span class="special">;</span>
+
+ <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="identifier">least</span> <span class="identifier">sig_bits</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="emphasis"><em>implementation-defined</em></span><span class="special">;</span>
+ <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="identifier">fast</span> <span class="identifier">sig_bits_fast</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="emphasis"><em>implementation-defined</em></span><span class="special">;</span>
+
+ <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">size_t</span> <span class="identifier">bit_count</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="identifier">Bits</span><span class="special">;</span>
+<span class="special">};</span>
+
+<span class="comment">// Specializations for low_bits_mask_t exist for certain bit counts.</span>
+
+<span class="special">}</span> <span class="comment">// namespace boost</span>
+</pre>
+</div>
+<div class="section">
+<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
+<a name="boost_integer.mask.single_bit_mask_class_template"></a><a class="link" href="mask.html#boost_integer.mask.single_bit_mask_class_template" title="Single Bit-Mask Class Template">Single
+ Bit-Mask Class Template</a>
+</h3></div></div></div>
+<p>
+ The <code class="literal">boost::high_bit_mask_t</code> class template provides constants
+ for bit masks representing the bit at a certain position. The masks are equivalent
+ to the value 2<sup>Bit</sup>, where <code class="literal">Bit</code> is the template parameter.
+ The bit position must be a nonnegative number from zero to <span class="emphasis"><em>Max</em></span>,
+ where Max is one less than the number of bits supported by the largest unsigned
+ built-in integral type. The following table describes the members of an instantiation
+ of <code class="literal">high_bit_mask_t</code>.
+ </p>
+<div class="table">
+<a name="boost_integer.mask.single_bit_mask_class_template.members_of_the__boost__high_bit_mask_t__class_template"></a><p class="title"><b>Table 2. Members of the <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">high_bit_mask_t</span></code>
+ Class Template</b></p>
+<div class="table-contents"><table class="table" summary="Members of the boost::high_bit_mask_t
+ Class Template">
+<colgroup>
+<col>
+<col>
+</colgroup>
+<thead><tr>
+<th>
+ <p>
+ Member
+ </p>
+ </th>
+<th>
+ <p>
+ Meaning
+ </p>
+ </th>
+</tr></thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr>
+<td>
+ <p>
+ <code class="literal">least</code>
+ </p>
+ </td>
+<td>
+ <p>
+ The smallest, unsigned, built-in type that supports the given bit
+ position.
+ </p>
+ </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>
+ <p>
+ <code class="literal">fast</code>
+ </p>
+ </td>
+<td>
+ <p>
+ The easiest-to-manipulate analog of <code class="literal">least</code>.
+ </p>
+ </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>
+ <p>
+ <code class="literal">high_bit</code>
+ </p>
+ </td>
+<td>
+ <p>
+ A <code class="literal">least</code> constant of the value 2<sup>Bit</sup>.
+ </p>
+ </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>
+ <p>
+ <code class="literal">high_bit_fast</code>
+ </p>
+ </td>
+<td>
+ <p>
+ A <code class="literal">fast</code> analog of <code class="literal">high_bit</code>.
+ </p>
+ </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>
+ <p>
+ <code class="literal">bit_position</code>
+ </p>
+ </td>
+<td>
+ <p>
+ The value of the template parameter, in case its needed from a
+ renamed instantiation of the class template.
+ </p>
+ </td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table></div>
+</div>
+<br class="table-break">
+</div>
+<div class="section">
+<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
+<a name="boost_integer.mask.group_bit_mask_class_template"></a><a class="link" href="mask.html#boost_integer.mask.group_bit_mask_class_template" title="Group Bit-Mask Class Template">Group
+ Bit-Mask Class Template</a>
+</h3></div></div></div>
+<p>
+ The <code class="literal">boost::low_bits_mask_t</code> class template provides constants
+ for bit masks equivalent to the value (2<sup>Bits</sup> - 1), where <code class="literal">Bits</code>
+ is the template parameter. The parameter <code class="literal">Bits</code> must be
+ a non-negative integer from zero to <span class="emphasis"><em>Max</em></span>, where Max is
+ the number of bits supported by the largest, unsigned, built-in integral
+ type. The following table describes the members of <code class="literal">low_bits_mask_t</code>.
+ </p>
+<div class="table">
+<a name="boost_integer.mask.group_bit_mask_class_template.members_of_the___boost__low_bits_mask_t__class_template"></a><p class="title"><b>Table 3. Members of the <code class="literal">boost::low_bits_mask_t</code> Class Template</b></p>
+<div class="table-contents"><table class="table" summary="Members of the boost::low_bits_mask_t Class Template">
+<colgroup>
+<col>
+<col>
+</colgroup>
+<thead><tr>
+<th>
+ <p>
+ Member
+ </p>
+ </th>
+<th>
+ <p>
+ Meaning
+ </p>
+ </th>
+</tr></thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr>
+<td>
+ <p>
+ <code class="literal">least</code>
+ </p>
+ </td>
+<td>
+ <p>
+ The smallest, unsigned built-in type that supports the given bit
+ count.
+ </p>
+ </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>
+ <p>
+ <code class="literal">fast</code>
+ </p>
+ </td>
+<td>
+ <p>
+ The easiest-to-manipulate analog of <code class="literal">least</code>.
+ </p>
+ </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>
+ <p>
+ <code class="literal">sig_bits</code>
+ </p>
+ </td>
+<td>
+ <p>
+ A <code class="literal">least</code> constant of the desired bit-masking
+ value.
+ </p>
+ </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>
+ <p>
+ <code class="literal">sig_bits_fast</code>
+ </p>
+ </td>
+<td>
+ <p>
+ A <code class="literal">fast</code> analog of <code class="literal">sig_bits</code>.
+ </p>
+ </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>
+ <p>
+ <code class="literal">bit_count</code>
+ </p>
+ </td>
+<td>
+ <p>
+ The value of the template parameter, in case its needed from a
+ renamed instantiation of the class template.
+ </p>
+ </td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table></div>
+</div>
+<br class="table-break">
+</div>
+<div class="section">
+<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
+<a name="boost_integer.mask.implementation_notes"></a><a class="link" href="mask.html#boost_integer.mask.implementation_notes" title="Implementation Notes">Implementation
+ Notes</a>
+</h3></div></div></div>
+<p>
+ When <code class="literal">Bits</code> is the exact size of a built-in unsigned type,
+ the implementation has to change to prevent undefined behavior. Therefore,
+ there are specializations of <code class="literal">low_bits_mask_t</code> at those
+ bit counts.
+ </p>
+</div>
+<div class="section">
+<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
+<a name="boost_integer.mask.example"></a><a class="link" href="mask.html#boost_integer.mask.example" title="Example">Example</a>
+</h3></div></div></div>
+<pre class="programlisting"><span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">integer</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">integer_mask</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">></span>
+
+<span class="comment">//...</span>
+
+<span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="identifier">main</span><span class="special">()</span>
+<span class="special">{</span>
+ <span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">high_bit_mask_t</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="number">29</span><span class="special">></span> <span class="identifier">mask1_type</span><span class="special">;</span>
+ <span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">low_bits_mask_t</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="number">15</span><span class="special">></span> <span class="identifier">mask2_type</span><span class="special">;</span>
+
+ <span class="identifier">mask1_type</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">least</span> <span class="identifier">my_var1</span><span class="special">;</span>
+ <span class="identifier">mask2_type</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">fast</span> <span class="identifier">my_var2</span><span class="special">;</span>
+ <span class="comment">//...</span>
+
+ <span class="identifier">my_var1</span> <span class="special">|=</span> <span class="identifier">mask1_type</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">high_bit</span><span class="special">;</span>
+ <span class="identifier">my_var2</span> <span class="special">&=</span> <span class="identifier">mask2_type</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">sig_bits_fast</span><span class="special">;</span>
+
+ <span class="comment">//...</span>
+<span class="special">}</span>
+</pre>
+</div>
+<div class="section">
+<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
+<a name="boost_integer.mask.demonstration_program"></a><a class="link" href="mask.html#boost_integer.mask.demonstration_program" title="Demonstration Program">Demonstration
+ Program</a>
+</h3></div></div></div>
+<p>
+ The program <a href="../../../test/integer_mask_test.cpp" target="_top">integer_mask_test.cpp</a>
+ is a simplistic demonstration of the results from instantiating various examples
+ of the bit mask class templates.
+ </p>
+</div>
+<div class="section">
+<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
+<a name="boost_integer.mask.rationale"></a><a class="link" href="mask.html#boost_integer.mask.rationale" title="Rationale">Rationale</a>
+</h3></div></div></div>
+<p>
+ The class templates in this header are an extension of the <a class="link" href="integer.html" title="Integer Type Selection">integer
+ type selection class templates</a>. The new class templates provide the
+ same sized types, but also convenient masks to use when extracting the highest
+ or all the significant bits when the containing built-in type contains more
+ bits. This prevents contamination of values by the higher, unused bits.
+ </p>
+</div>
+<div class="section">
+<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
+<a name="boost_integer.mask.credits"></a><a class="link" href="mask.html#boost_integer.mask.credits" title="Credits">Credits</a>
+</h3></div></div></div>
+<p>
+ The author of the Boost bit mask class templates is <a href="http://www.boost.org/people/daryle_walker.html" target="_top">Daryle
+ Walker</a>.
+ </p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<table xmlns:rev="http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" width="100%"><tr>
+<td align="left"></td>
+<td align="right"><div class="copyright-footer">Copyright © 2001-2009 Beman
+ Dawes, Daryle Walker, Gennaro Prota, John Maddock<p>
+ Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
+ file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
+ </p>
+</div></td>
+</tr></table>
+<hr>
+<div class="spirit-nav">
+<a accesskey="p" href="gcd_lcm.html"><img src="../../../../../doc/src/images/prev.png" alt="Prev"></a><a accesskey="u" href="../index.html"><img src="../../../../../doc/src/images/up.png" alt="Up"></a><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html"><img src="../../../../../doc/src/images/home.png" alt="Home"></a><a accesskey="n" href="log2.html"><img src="../../../../../doc/src/images/next.png" alt="Next"></a>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
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+<html>
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=US-ASCII">
+<title>Compile time min/max calculation</title>
+<link rel="stylesheet" href="../../../../../doc/src/boostbook.css" type="text/css">
+<meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.77.1">
+<link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="Boost.Integer">
+<link rel="up" href="../index.html" title="Boost.Integer">
+<link rel="prev" href="log2.html" title="Compile Time log2 Calculation">
+<link rel="next" href="history.html" title="History">
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+<body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF">
+<table cellpadding="2" width="100%"><tr>
+<td valign="top"><img alt="Boost C++ Libraries" width="277" height="86" src="../../../../../boost.png"></td>
+<td align="center"><a href="../../../../../index.html">Home</a></td>
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+</div>
+<div class="section">
+<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
+<a name="boost_integer.minmax"></a><a class="link" href="minmax.html" title="Compile time min/max calculation">Compile time min/max calculation</a>
+</h2></div></div></div>
+<div class="toc"><dl>
+<dt><span class="section"><a href="minmax.html#boost_integer.minmax.synopsis">Synopsis</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="section"><a href="minmax.html#boost_integer.minmax.usage">Usage</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="section"><a href="minmax.html#boost_integer.minmax.example">Example</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="section"><a href="minmax.html#boost_integer.minmax.demonstration_program">Demonstration
+ Program</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="section"><a href="minmax.html#boost_integer.minmax.rationale">Rationale</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="section"><a href="minmax.html#boost_integer.minmax.credits">Credits</a></span></dt>
+</dl></div>
+<p>
+ The class templates in <a href="../../../../../boost/integer/static_min_max.hpp" target="_top"><boost/integer/static_min_max.hpp></a>
+ provide a compile-time evaluation of the minimum or maximum of two integers.
+ These facilities are useful for generic programming problems.
+ </p>
+<div class="section">
+<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
+<a name="boost_integer.minmax.synopsis"></a><a class="link" href="minmax.html#boost_integer.minmax.synopsis" title="Synopsis">Synopsis</a>
+</h3></div></div></div>
+<pre class="programlisting"><span class="keyword">namespace</span> <span class="identifier">boost</span>
+<span class="special">{</span>
+
+<span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="emphasis"><em>implementation-defined</em></span> <span class="identifier">static_min_max_signed_type</span><span class="special">;</span>
+<span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="emphasis"><em>implementation-defined</em></span> <span class="identifier">static_min_max_unsigned_type</span><span class="special">;</span>
+
+<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">static_min_max_signed_type</span> <span class="identifier">Value1</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">static_min_max_signed_type</span> <span class="identifier">Value2</span> <span class="special">></span>
+ <span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">static_signed_min</span><span class="special">;</span>
+
+<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">static_min_max_signed_type</span> <span class="identifier">Value1</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">static_min_max_signed_type</span> <span class="identifier">Value2</span><span class="special">></span>
+ <span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">static_signed_max</span><span class="special">;</span>
+
+<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">static_min_max_unsigned_type</span> <span class="identifier">Value1</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">static_min_max_unsigned_type</span> <span class="identifier">Value2</span><span class="special">></span>
+ <span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">static_unsigned_min</span><span class="special">;</span>
+
+<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">static_min_max_unsigned_type</span> <span class="identifier">Value1</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">static_min_max_unsigned_type</span> <span class="identifier">Value2</span><span class="special">></span>
+ <span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">static_unsigned_max</span><span class="special">;</span>
+
+<span class="special">}</span>
+</pre>
+</div>
+<div class="section">
+<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
+<a name="boost_integer.minmax.usage"></a><a class="link" href="minmax.html#boost_integer.minmax.usage" title="Usage">Usage</a>
+</h3></div></div></div>
+<p>
+ The four class templates provide the combinations for finding the minimum
+ or maximum of two <code class="literal">signed</code> or <code class="literal">unsigned</code>
+ (<code class="literal">long</code>) parameters, <span class="emphasis"><em>Value1</em></span> and <span class="emphasis"><em>Value2</em></span>,
+ at compile-time. Each template has a single static data member, <code class="literal">value</code>,
+ which is set to the respective minimum or maximum of the template's parameters.
+ </p>
+</div>
+<div class="section">
+<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
+<a name="boost_integer.minmax.example"></a><a class="link" href="minmax.html#boost_integer.minmax.example" title="Example">Example</a>
+</h3></div></div></div>
+<pre class="programlisting"><span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">integer</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">static_min_max</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">></span>
+
+<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special"><</span> <span class="keyword">unsigned</span> <span class="keyword">long</span> <span class="identifier">AddendSize1</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">unsigned</span> <span class="keyword">long</span> <span class="identifier">AddendSize2</span> <span class="special">></span>
+<span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">adder</span>
+<span class="special">{</span>
+<span class="keyword">public</span><span class="special">:</span>
+ <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">unsigned</span> <span class="keyword">long</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="identifier">addend1_size</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="identifier">AddendSize1</span><span class="special">;</span>
+ <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">unsigned</span> <span class="keyword">long</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="identifier">addend2_size</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="identifier">AddendSize2</span><span class="special">;</span>
+ <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">unsigned</span> <span class="keyword">long</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="identifier">sum_size</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">static_unsigned_max</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">AddendSize1</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">AddendSize2</span><span class="special">>::</span><span class="identifier">value</span> <span class="special">+</span> <span class="number">1</span><span class="special">;</span>
+
+ <span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="identifier">addend1_type</span><span class="special">[</span> <span class="identifier">addend1_size</span> <span class="special">];</span>
+ <span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="identifier">addend2_type</span><span class="special">[</span> <span class="identifier">addend2_size</span> <span class="special">];</span>
+ <span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="identifier">sum_type</span><span class="special">[</span> <span class="identifier">sum_size</span> <span class="special">];</span>
+
+ <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="keyword">operator</span> <span class="special">()(</span> <span class="identifier">addend1_type</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="special">&</span><span class="identifier">a1</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">addend2_type</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="special">&</span><span class="identifier">a2</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">sum_type</span> <span class="special">&</span><span class="identifier">s</span> <span class="special">)</span> <span class="keyword">const</span><span class="special">;</span>
+<span class="special">};</span>
+
+<span class="comment">//...</span>
+
+<span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="identifier">main</span><span class="special">()</span>
+<span class="special">{</span>
+ <span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="identifier">a1</span><span class="special">[]</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="special">{</span> <span class="number">0</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="number">4</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="number">3</span> <span class="special">};</span> <span class="comment">// 340</span>
+ <span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="identifier">a2</span><span class="special">[]</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="special">{</span> <span class="number">9</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="number">8</span> <span class="special">};</span> <span class="comment">// 89</span>
+ <span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="identifier">s</span><span class="special">[</span> <span class="number">4</span> <span class="special">];</span>
+ <span class="identifier">adder</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="number">3</span><span class="special">,</span><span class="number">2</span><span class="special">></span> <span class="identifier">obj</span><span class="special">;</span>
+
+ <span class="identifier">obj</span><span class="special">(</span> <span class="identifier">a1</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">a2</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">s</span> <span class="special">);</span> <span class="comment">// 's' should be 429 or { 9, 2, 4, 0 }</span>
+ <span class="comment">//...</span>
+<span class="special">}</span>
+</pre>
+</div>
+<div class="section">
+<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
+<a name="boost_integer.minmax.demonstration_program"></a><a class="link" href="minmax.html#boost_integer.minmax.demonstration_program" title="Demonstration Program">Demonstration
+ Program</a>
+</h3></div></div></div>
+<p>
+ The program <a href="../../../test/static_min_max_test.cpp" target="_top">static_min_max_test.cpp</a>
+ is a simplistic demonstration of various comparisons using the compile-time
+ extrema class templates.
+ </p>
+</div>
+<div class="section">
+<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
+<a name="boost_integer.minmax.rationale"></a><a class="link" href="minmax.html#boost_integer.minmax.rationale" title="Rationale">Rationale</a>
+</h3></div></div></div>
+<p>
+ Sometimes the minimum or maximum of several values needs to be found for
+ later compile-time processing, <span class="emphasis"><em>e.g.</em></span> for a bound for
+ another class template.
+ </p>
+</div>
+<div class="section">
+<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
+<a name="boost_integer.minmax.credits"></a><a class="link" href="minmax.html#boost_integer.minmax.credits" title="Credits">Credits</a>
+</h3></div></div></div>
+<p>
+ The author of the Boost compile-time extrema class templates is <a href="http://www.boost.org/people/daryle_walker.html" target="_top">Daryle
+ Walker</a>.
+ </p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<table xmlns:rev="http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" width="100%"><tr>
+<td align="left"></td>
+<td align="right"><div class="copyright-footer">Copyright © 2001-2009 Beman
+ Dawes, Daryle Walker, Gennaro Prota, John Maddock<p>
+ Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
+ file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
+ </p>
+</div></td>
+</tr></table>
+<hr>
+<div class="spirit-nav">
+<a accesskey="p" href="log2.html"><img src="../../../../../doc/src/images/prev.png" alt="Prev"></a><a accesskey="u" href="../index.html"><img src="../../../../../doc/src/images/up.png" alt="Up"></a><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html"><img src="../../../../../doc/src/images/home.png" alt="Home"></a><a accesskey="n" href="history.html"><img src="../../../../../doc/src/images/next.png" alt="Next"></a>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
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+<html>
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=US-ASCII">
+<title>Integer Traits</title>
+<link rel="stylesheet" href="../../../../../doc/src/boostbook.css" type="text/css">
+<meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.77.1">
+<link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="Boost.Integer">
+<link rel="up" href="../index.html" title="Boost.Integer">
+<link rel="prev" href="../index.html" title="Boost.Integer">
+<link rel="next" href="integer.html" title="Integer Type Selection">
+</head>
+<body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF">
+<table cellpadding="2" width="100%"><tr>
+<td valign="top"><img alt="Boost C++ Libraries" width="277" height="86" src="../../../../../boost.png"></td>
+<td align="center"><a href="../../../../../index.html">Home</a></td>
+<td align="center"><a href="../../../../../libs/libraries.htm">Libraries</a></td>
+<td align="center"><a href="http://www.boost.org/users/people.html">People</a></td>
+<td align="center"><a href="http://www.boost.org/users/faq.html">FAQ</a></td>
+<td align="center"><a href="../../../../../more/index.htm">More</a></td>
+</tr></table>
+<hr>
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+<a accesskey="p" href="../index.html"><img src="../../../../../doc/src/images/prev.png" alt="Prev"></a><a accesskey="u" href="../index.html"><img src="../../../../../doc/src/images/up.png" alt="Up"></a><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html"><img src="../../../../../doc/src/images/home.png" alt="Home"></a><a accesskey="n" href="integer.html"><img src="../../../../../doc/src/images/next.png" alt="Next"></a>
+</div>
+<div class="section">
+<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
+<a name="boost_integer.traits"></a><a class="link" href="traits.html" title="Integer Traits">Integer Traits</a>
+</h2></div></div></div>
+<div class="toc"><dl>
+<dt><span class="section"><a href="traits.html#boost_integer.traits.motivation">Motivation</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="section"><a href="traits.html#boost_integer.traits.synopsis">Synopsis</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="section"><a href="traits.html#boost_integer.traits.description">Description</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="section"><a href="traits.html#boost_integer.traits.test_program">Test Program</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="section"><a href="traits.html#boost_integer.traits.acknowledgements">Acknowledgements</a></span></dt>
+</dl></div>
+<div class="section">
+<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
+<a name="boost_integer.traits.motivation"></a><a class="link" href="traits.html#boost_integer.traits.motivation" title="Motivation">Motivation</a>
+</h3></div></div></div>
+<p>
+ The C++ Standard Library <limits> header supplies a class template
+ <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">numeric_limits</span><span class="special"><></span></code>
+ with specializations for each fundamental type.
+ </p>
+<p>
+ For integer types, the interesting members of <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">numeric_limits</span><span class="special"><></span></code> are:
+ </p>
+<pre class="programlisting"><span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="keyword">bool</span> <span class="identifier">is_specialized</span><span class="special">;</span> <span class="comment">// Will be true for integer types.</span>
+<span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="identifier">T</span> <span class="identifier">min</span><span class="special">()</span> <span class="keyword">throw</span><span class="special">();</span> <span class="comment">// Smallest representable value.</span>
+<span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="identifier">T</span> <span class="identifier">max</span><span class="special">()</span> <span class="keyword">throw</span><span class="special">();</span> <span class="comment">// Largest representable value.</span>
+<span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="identifier">digits</span><span class="special">;</span> <span class="comment">// For integers, the number of value bits.</span>
+<span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="identifier">digits10</span><span class="special">;</span> <span class="comment">// The number of base 10 digits that can be represented.</span>
+<span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="keyword">bool</span> <span class="identifier">is_signed</span><span class="special">;</span> <span class="comment">// True if the type is signed.</span>
+<span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="keyword">bool</span> <span class="identifier">is_integer</span><span class="special">;</span> <span class="comment">// Will be true for all integer types.</span>
+</pre>
+<p>
+ For many uses, these are sufficient. But min() and max() are problematical
+ because they are not constant expressions (std::5.19), yet some usages require
+ constant expressions.
+ </p>
+<p>
+ The template class <code class="literal">integer_traits</code> addresses this problem.
+ </p>
+</div>
+<div class="section">
+<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
+<a name="boost_integer.traits.synopsis"></a><a class="link" href="traits.html#boost_integer.traits.synopsis" title="Synopsis">Synopsis</a>
+</h3></div></div></div>
+<pre class="programlisting"><span class="keyword">namespace</span> <span class="identifier">boost</span> <span class="special">{</span>
+ <span class="keyword">template</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">></span>
+ <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">integer_traits</span> <span class="special">:</span> <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">numeric_limits</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">></span>
+ <span class="special">{</span>
+ <span class="keyword">public</span><span class="special">:</span>
+ <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="keyword">bool</span> <span class="identifier">is_integral</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="keyword">false</span><span class="special">;</span>
+ <span class="comment">//</span>
+ <span class="comment">// These members are defined only if T is a built-in</span>
+ <span class="comment">// integal type:</span>
+ <span class="comment">//</span>
+ <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="identifier">T</span> <span class="identifier">const_min</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="emphasis"><em>implementation-defined</em></span><span class="special">;</span>
+ <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="identifier">T</span> <span class="identifier">const_max</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="emphasis"><em>implementation-defined</em></span><span class="special">;</span>
+ <span class="special">};</span>
+<span class="special">}</span>
+</pre>
+</div>
+<div class="section">
+<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
+<a name="boost_integer.traits.description"></a><a class="link" href="traits.html#boost_integer.traits.description" title="Description">Description</a>
+</h3></div></div></div>
+<p>
+ Template class <code class="literal">integer_traits</code> is derived from <code class="literal">std::numeric_limits</code>.
+ The primary specialization adds the single <code class="literal">bool</code> member
+ <code class="literal">is_integral</code> with the compile-time constant value <code class="literal">false</code>.
+ However, for all integral types <code class="literal">T</code> (std::3.9.1/7 [basic.fundamental]),
+ there are specializations provided with the following compile-time constants
+ defined:
+ </p>
+<div class="informaltable"><table class="table">
+<colgroup>
+<col>
+<col>
+<col>
+</colgroup>
+<thead><tr>
+<th>
+ <p>
+ member
+ </p>
+ </th>
+<th>
+ <p>
+ type
+ </p>
+ </th>
+<th>
+ <p>
+ value
+ </p>
+ </th>
+</tr></thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr>
+<td>
+ <p>
+ <code class="literal">is_integral</code>
+ </p>
+ </td>
+<td>
+ <p>
+ bool
+ </p>
+ </td>
+<td>
+ <p>
+ <code class="literal">true</code>
+ </p>
+ </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>
+ <p>
+ <code class="literal">const_min</code>
+ </p>
+ </td>
+<td>
+ <p>
+ <code class="literal">T</code>
+ </p>
+ </td>
+<td>
+ <p>
+ equivalent to <code class="literal">std::numeric_limits<T>::min()</code>
+ </p>
+ </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>
+ <p>
+ <code class="literal">const_max</code>
+ </p>
+ </td>
+<td>
+ <p>
+ <code class="literal">T</code>
+ </p>
+ </td>
+<td>
+ <p>
+ equivalent to <code class="literal">std::numeric_limits<T>::max()</code>
+ </p>
+ </td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table></div>
+<p>
+ Note: The <span class="emphasis"><em>is_integral</em></span> flag is provided, because a user-defined
+ integer class should specialize <code class="literal">std::numeric_limits<>::is_integer
+ = true</code>, while compile-time constants <code class="literal">const_min</code>
+ and <code class="literal">const_max</code> are not provided for that user-defined class,
+ unless boost::integer_traits is also specialized.
+ </p>
+</div>
+<div class="section">
+<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
+<a name="boost_integer.traits.test_program"></a><a class="link" href="traits.html#boost_integer.traits.test_program" title="Test Program">Test Program</a>
+</h3></div></div></div>
+<p>
+ The program <code class="literal"><a href="../../../test/integer_traits_test.cpp" target="_top">integer_traits_test.cpp</a></code>
+ exercises the <code class="literal">integer_traits</code> class.
+ </p>
+</div>
+<div class="section">
+<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
+<a name="boost_integer.traits.acknowledgements"></a><a class="link" href="traits.html#boost_integer.traits.acknowledgements" title="Acknowledgements">Acknowledgements</a>
+</h3></div></div></div>
+<p>
+ Beman Dawes, Ed Brey, Steve Cleary, and Nathan Myers discussed the integer
+ traits idea on the boost mailing list in August 1999.
+ </p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<table xmlns:rev="http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" width="100%"><tr>
+<td align="left"></td>
+<td align="right"><div class="copyright-footer">Copyright © 2001-2009 Beman
+ Dawes, Daryle Walker, Gennaro Prota, John Maddock<p>
+ Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
+ file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
+ </p>
+</div></td>
+</tr></table>
+<hr>
+<div class="spirit-nav">
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