Reorganize directory structure for third robot.

I added a "bot3" directory, so that we can have all the third
robot specific stuff live there.

Most of these changes were just copying files from frc971. Many
of the files have no modifications except changed paths in the
include directives, changed paths in gyp files, and changed
namespace names. Some of the code is new, however, for instance,
I modified motor_writer to control the motors and pistons on
the third robot, as well as added a new "rollers" queue to
transfer data pertaining to these.

I also updated the build system so that builds for the normal
robot code and the third robot code would in no way conflict
with each other. Finally, I figured out how I want to handle
the constants, although I haven't put actual values for
that in yet.

I cleaned up the python code, adding in the small changes to
that which Comran wanted.

Change-Id: I04e17dc8b17a980338b718a78e348ea647ec060b
diff --git a/bot3/control_loops/drivetrain/drivetrain.cc b/bot3/control_loops/drivetrain/drivetrain.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ae313e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bot3/control_loops/drivetrain/drivetrain.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,746 @@
+#include "bot3/control_loops/drivetrain/drivetrain.h"
+
+#include <math.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <sched.h>
+
+#include <functional>
+#include <memory>
+
+#include "Eigen/Dense"
+
+#include "aos/common/logging/logging.h"
+#include "aos/common/controls/polytope.h"
+#include "aos/common/commonmath.h"
+#include "aos/common/logging/queue_logging.h"
+#include "aos/common/logging/matrix_logging.h"
+
+#include "bot3/control_loops/drivetrain/drivetrain.q.h"
+#include "bot3/control_loops/drivetrain/drivetrain_constants.h"
+#include "bot3/control_loops/drivetrain/drivetrain_dog_motor_plant.h"
+#include "bot3/control_loops/drivetrain/polydrivetrain_cim_plant.h"
+#include "bot3/control_loops/drivetrain/polydrivetrain_dog_motor_plant.h"
+#include "frc971/control_loops/coerce_goal.h"
+#include "frc971/control_loops/state_feedback_loop.h"
+#include "frc971/queues/other_sensors.q.h"
+
+using ::frc971::sensors::gyro_reading;
+using ::frc971::control_loops::DoCoerceGoal;
+using ::frc971::control_loops::CoerceGoal;
+
+namespace bot3 {
+namespace control_loops {
+
+class DrivetrainMotorsSS {
+ public:
+  class LimitedDrivetrainLoop : public StateFeedbackLoop<4, 2, 2> {
+   public:
+    LimitedDrivetrainLoop(StateFeedbackLoop<4, 2, 2> &&loop)
+        : StateFeedbackLoop<4, 2, 2>(::std::move(loop)),
+        U_Poly_((Eigen::Matrix<double, 4, 2>() << 1, 0,
+                 -1, 0,
+                 0, 1,
+                 0, -1).finished(),
+                (Eigen::Matrix<double, 4, 1>() << 12.0, 12.0,
+                 12.0, 12.0).finished()) {
+      ::aos::controls::HPolytope<0>::Init();
+      T << 1, -1, 1, 1;
+      T_inverse = T.inverse();
+    }
+
+    bool output_was_capped() const {
+      return output_was_capped_;
+    }
+
+   private:
+    virtual void CapU() {
+      const Eigen::Matrix<double, 4, 1> error = R() - X_hat();
+
+      if (::std::abs(U(0, 0)) > 12.0 || ::std::abs(U(1, 0)) > 12.0) {
+        output_was_capped_ = true;
+        LOG_MATRIX(DEBUG, "U at start", U());
+
+        Eigen::Matrix<double, 2, 2> position_K;
+        position_K << K(0, 0), K(0, 2),
+                   K(1, 0), K(1, 2);
+        Eigen::Matrix<double, 2, 2> velocity_K;
+        velocity_K << K(0, 1), K(0, 3),
+                   K(1, 1), K(1, 3);
+
+        Eigen::Matrix<double, 2, 1> position_error;
+        position_error << error(0, 0), error(2, 0);
+        const auto drive_error = T_inverse * position_error;
+        Eigen::Matrix<double, 2, 1> velocity_error;
+        velocity_error << error(1, 0), error(3, 0);
+        LOG_MATRIX(DEBUG, "error", error);
+
+        const auto &poly = U_Poly_;
+        const Eigen::Matrix<double, 4, 2> pos_poly_H =
+            poly.H() * position_K * T;
+        const Eigen::Matrix<double, 4, 1> pos_poly_k =
+            poly.k() - poly.H() * velocity_K * velocity_error;
+        const ::aos::controls::HPolytope<2> pos_poly(pos_poly_H, pos_poly_k);
+
+        Eigen::Matrix<double, 2, 1> adjusted_pos_error;
+        {
+          const auto &P = drive_error;
+
+          Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, 2> L45;
+          L45 << ::aos::sign(P(1, 0)), -::aos::sign(P(0, 0));
+          const double w45 = 0;
+
+          Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, 2> LH;
+          if (::std::abs(P(0, 0)) > ::std::abs(P(1, 0))) {
+            LH << 0, 1;
+          } else {
+            LH << 1, 0;
+          }
+          const double wh = LH.dot(P);
+
+          Eigen::Matrix<double, 2, 2> standard;
+          standard << L45, LH;
+          Eigen::Matrix<double, 2, 1> W;
+          W << w45, wh;
+          const Eigen::Matrix<double, 2, 1> intersection =
+              standard.inverse() * W;
+
+          bool is_inside_h;
+          const auto adjusted_pos_error_h =
+              DoCoerceGoal(pos_poly, LH, wh, drive_error, &is_inside_h);
+          const auto adjusted_pos_error_45 =
+              DoCoerceGoal(pos_poly, L45, w45, intersection, nullptr);
+          if (pos_poly.IsInside(intersection)) {
+            adjusted_pos_error = adjusted_pos_error_h;
+          } else {
+            if (is_inside_h) {
+              if (adjusted_pos_error_h.norm() > adjusted_pos_error_45.norm()) {
+                adjusted_pos_error = adjusted_pos_error_h;
+              } else {
+                adjusted_pos_error = adjusted_pos_error_45;
+              }
+            } else {
+              adjusted_pos_error = adjusted_pos_error_45;
+            }
+          }
+        }
+
+        LOG_MATRIX(DEBUG, "adjusted_pos_error", adjusted_pos_error);
+        mutable_U() =
+            velocity_K * velocity_error + position_K * T * adjusted_pos_error;
+        LOG_MATRIX(DEBUG, "U is now", U());
+      } else {
+        output_was_capped_ = false;
+      }
+    }
+
+    const ::aos::controls::HPolytope<2> U_Poly_;
+    Eigen::Matrix<double, 2, 2> T, T_inverse;
+    bool output_was_capped_ = false;;
+  };
+
+  DrivetrainMotorsSS()
+      : loop_(new LimitedDrivetrainLoop(
+            MakeDrivetrainLoop())),
+        filtered_offset_(0.0),
+        gyro_(0.0),
+        left_goal_(0.0),
+        right_goal_(0.0),
+        raw_left_(0.0),
+        raw_right_(0.0) {
+    // Low gear on both.
+    loop_->set_controller_index(0);
+  }
+
+  void SetGoal(double left, double left_velocity, double right,
+               double right_velocity) {
+    left_goal_ = left;
+    right_goal_ = right;
+    loop_->mutable_R() << left, left_velocity, right, right_velocity;
+  }
+  void SetRawPosition(double left, double right) {
+    raw_right_ = right;
+    raw_left_ = left;
+    Eigen::Matrix<double, 2, 1> Y;
+    Y << left + filtered_offset_, right - filtered_offset_;
+    loop_->Correct(Y);
+  }
+  void SetPosition(double left, double right, double gyro) {
+    // Decay the offset quickly because this gyro is great.
+    const double offset =
+        (right - left - gyro * kBot3TurnWidth) / 2.0;
+    // TODO(brians): filtered_offset_ = offset first time around.
+    filtered_offset_ = 0.25 * offset + 0.75 * filtered_offset_;
+    gyro_ = gyro;
+    SetRawPosition(left, right);
+  }
+
+  void SetExternalMotors(double left_voltage, double right_voltage) {
+    loop_->mutable_U() << left_voltage, right_voltage;
+  }
+
+  void Update(bool stop_motors, bool enable_control_loop) {
+    if (enable_control_loop) {
+      loop_->Update(stop_motors);
+    } else {
+      if (stop_motors) {
+        loop_->mutable_U().setZero();
+        loop_->mutable_U_uncapped().setZero();
+      }
+      loop_->UpdateObserver();
+    }
+    ::Eigen::Matrix<double, 4, 1> E = loop_->R() - loop_->X_hat();
+    LOG_MATRIX(DEBUG, "E", E);
+  }
+
+  double GetEstimatedRobotSpeed() const {
+    // lets just call the average of left and right velocities close enough
+    return (loop_->X_hat(1, 0) + loop_->X_hat(3, 0)) / 2;
+  }
+
+  double GetEstimatedLeftEncoder() const {
+    return loop_->X_hat(0, 0);
+  }
+
+  double GetEstimatedRightEncoder() const {
+    return loop_->X_hat(2, 0);
+  }
+
+  bool OutputWasCapped() const {
+    return loop_->output_was_capped();
+  }
+
+  void SendMotors(Drivetrain::Output *output) const {
+    if (output) {
+      output->left_voltage = loop_->U(0, 0);
+      output->right_voltage = loop_->U(1, 0);
+      output->left_high = false;
+      output->right_high = false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  const LimitedDrivetrainLoop &loop() const { return *loop_; }
+
+ private:
+  ::std::unique_ptr<LimitedDrivetrainLoop> loop_;
+
+  double filtered_offset_;
+  double gyro_;
+  double left_goal_;
+  double right_goal_;
+  double raw_left_;
+  double raw_right_;
+};
+
+class PolyDrivetrain {
+ public:
+
+  enum Gear {
+    HIGH,
+    LOW,
+    SHIFTING_UP,
+    SHIFTING_DOWN
+  };
+  // Stall Torque in N m
+  static constexpr double kStallTorque = 2.42;
+  // Stall Current in Amps
+  static constexpr double kStallCurrent = 133;
+  // Free Speed in RPM. Used number from last year.
+  static constexpr double kFreeSpeed = 4650.0;
+  // Free Current in Amps
+  static constexpr double kFreeCurrent = 2.7;
+  // Moment of inertia of the drivetrain in kg m^2
+  // Just borrowed from last year.
+  static constexpr double J = 6.4;
+  // Mass of the robot, in kg.
+  static constexpr double m = 68;
+  // Radius of the robot, in meters (from last year).
+  static constexpr double rb = 0.617998644 / 2.0;
+  static constexpr double kWheelRadius = 0.04445;
+  // Resistance of the motor, divided by the number of motors.
+  static constexpr double kR = (12.0 / kStallCurrent / 4 + 0.03) / (0.93 * 0.93);
+  // Motor velocity constant
+  static constexpr double Kv =
+      ((kFreeSpeed / 60.0 * 2.0 * M_PI) / (12.0 - kR * kFreeCurrent));
+  // Torque constant
+  static constexpr double Kt = kStallTorque / kStallCurrent;
+
+  PolyDrivetrain()
+      : U_Poly_((Eigen::Matrix<double, 4, 2>() << /*[[*/ 1, 0 /*]*/,
+                 /*[*/ -1, 0 /*]*/,
+                 /*[*/ 0, 1 /*]*/,
+                 /*[*/ 0, -1 /*]]*/).finished(),
+                (Eigen::Matrix<double, 4, 1>() << /*[[*/ 12 /*]*/,
+                 /*[*/ 12 /*]*/,
+                 /*[*/ 12 /*]*/,
+                 /*[*/ 12 /*]]*/).finished()),
+        loop_(new StateFeedbackLoop<2, 2, 2>(
+            MakeVelocityDrivetrainLoop())),
+        ttrust_(1.1),
+        wheel_(0.0),
+        throttle_(0.0),
+        quickturn_(false),
+        stale_count_(0),
+        position_time_delta_(0.01),
+        left_gear_(LOW),
+        right_gear_(LOW),
+        counter_(0) {
+
+    last_position_.Zero();
+    position_.Zero();
+  }
+  static bool IsInGear(Gear gear) { return gear == LOW || gear == HIGH; }
+
+  static double MotorSpeed(const ::frc971::constants::ShifterHallEffect &hall_effect,
+                           double shifter_position, double velocity) {
+    // TODO(austin): G_high, G_low and kWheelRadius
+    const double avg_hall_effect =
+        (hall_effect.clear_high + hall_effect.clear_low) / 2.0;
+
+    if (shifter_position > avg_hall_effect) {
+      return velocity / kBot3HighGearRatio / kWheelRadius;
+    } else {
+      return velocity / kBot3LowGearRatio / kWheelRadius;
+    }
+  }
+
+  Gear ComputeGear(const ::frc971::constants::ShifterHallEffect &hall_effect,
+                   double velocity, Gear current) {
+    const double low_omega = MotorSpeed(hall_effect, 0.0, ::std::abs(velocity));
+    const double high_omega =
+        MotorSpeed(hall_effect, 1.0, ::std::abs(velocity));
+
+    double high_torque = ((12.0 - high_omega / Kv) * Kt / kR);
+    double low_torque = ((12.0 - low_omega / Kv) * Kt / kR);
+    double high_power = high_torque * high_omega;
+    double low_power = low_torque * low_omega;
+
+    // TODO(aschuh): Do this right!
+    if ((current == HIGH || high_power > low_power + 160) &&
+        ::std::abs(velocity) > 0.14) {
+      return HIGH;
+    } else {
+      return LOW;
+    }
+  }
+
+  void SetGoal(double wheel, double throttle, bool quickturn, bool highgear) {
+    const double kWheelNonLinearity = 0.3;
+    // Apply a sin function that's scaled to make it feel better.
+    const double angular_range = M_PI_2 * kWheelNonLinearity;
+    wheel_ = sin(angular_range * wheel) / sin(angular_range);
+    wheel_ = sin(angular_range * wheel_) / sin(angular_range);
+    quickturn_ = quickturn;
+
+    static const double kThrottleDeadband = 0.05;
+    if (::std::abs(throttle) < kThrottleDeadband) {
+      throttle_ = 0;
+    } else {
+      throttle_ = copysign((::std::abs(throttle) - kThrottleDeadband) /
+                           (1.0 - kThrottleDeadband), throttle);
+    }
+
+    // TODO(austin): Fix the upshift logic to include states.
+    Gear requested_gear;
+    if (false) {
+      const double current_left_velocity =
+          (position_.left_encoder - last_position_.left_encoder) /
+          position_time_delta_;
+      const double current_right_velocity =
+          (position_.right_encoder - last_position_.right_encoder) /
+          position_time_delta_;
+
+      Gear left_requested =
+          ComputeGear(kBot3LeftDriveShifter, current_left_velocity, left_gear_);
+      Gear right_requested =
+          ComputeGear(kBot3RightDriveShifter, current_right_velocity, right_gear_);
+      requested_gear =
+          (left_requested == HIGH || right_requested == HIGH) ? HIGH : LOW;
+    } else {
+      requested_gear = highgear ? HIGH : LOW;
+    }
+
+    const Gear shift_up = SHIFTING_UP;
+    const Gear shift_down = SHIFTING_DOWN;
+
+    if (left_gear_ != requested_gear) {
+      if (IsInGear(left_gear_)) {
+        if (requested_gear == HIGH) {
+          left_gear_ = shift_up;
+        } else {
+          left_gear_ = shift_down;
+        }
+      } else {
+        if (requested_gear == HIGH && left_gear_ == SHIFTING_DOWN) {
+          left_gear_ = SHIFTING_UP;
+        } else if (requested_gear == LOW && left_gear_ == SHIFTING_UP) {
+          left_gear_ = SHIFTING_DOWN;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    if (right_gear_ != requested_gear) {
+      if (IsInGear(right_gear_)) {
+        if (requested_gear == HIGH) {
+          right_gear_ = shift_up;
+        } else {
+          right_gear_ = shift_down;
+        }
+      } else {
+        if (requested_gear == HIGH && right_gear_ == SHIFTING_DOWN) {
+          right_gear_ = SHIFTING_UP;
+        } else if (requested_gear == LOW && right_gear_ == SHIFTING_UP) {
+          right_gear_ = SHIFTING_DOWN;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  void SetPosition(const Drivetrain::Position *position) {
+    if (position == NULL) {
+      ++stale_count_;
+    } else {
+      last_position_ = position_;
+      position_ = *position;
+      position_time_delta_ = (stale_count_ + 1) * 0.01;
+      stale_count_ = 0;
+    }
+
+    if (position) {
+      GearLogging gear_logging;
+      // Switch to the correct controller.
+      const double left_middle_shifter_position =
+          (kBot3LeftDriveShifter.clear_high +
+          kBot3LeftDriveShifter.clear_low) / 2.0;
+      const double right_middle_shifter_position =
+          (kBot3RightDriveShifter.clear_high +
+          kBot3RightDriveShifter.clear_low) / 2.0;
+
+      if (position->left_shifter_position < left_middle_shifter_position) {
+        if (position->right_shifter_position < right_middle_shifter_position ||
+            right_gear_ == LOW) {
+          gear_logging.left_loop_high = false;
+          gear_logging.right_loop_high = false;
+          loop_->set_controller_index(gear_logging.controller_index = 0);
+        } else {
+          gear_logging.left_loop_high = false;
+          gear_logging.right_loop_high = true;
+          loop_->set_controller_index(gear_logging.controller_index = 1);
+        }
+      } else {
+        if (position->right_shifter_position < right_middle_shifter_position ||
+            left_gear_ == LOW) {
+          gear_logging.left_loop_high = true;
+          gear_logging.right_loop_high = false;
+          loop_->set_controller_index(gear_logging.controller_index = 2);
+        } else {
+          gear_logging.left_loop_high = true;
+          gear_logging.right_loop_high = true;
+          loop_->set_controller_index(gear_logging.controller_index = 3);
+        }
+      }
+
+      // TODO(austin): Constants.
+      if (position->left_shifter_position >
+          kBot3LeftDriveShifter.clear_high &&
+          left_gear_ == SHIFTING_UP) {
+        left_gear_ = HIGH;
+      }
+      if (position->left_shifter_position <
+          kBot3LeftDriveShifter.clear_low &&
+          left_gear_ == SHIFTING_DOWN) {
+        left_gear_ = LOW;
+      }
+      if (position->right_shifter_position >
+          kBot3RightDriveShifter.clear_high &&
+          right_gear_ == SHIFTING_UP) {
+        right_gear_ = HIGH;
+      }
+      if (position->right_shifter_position <
+          kBot3RightDriveShifter.clear_low &&
+          right_gear_ == SHIFTING_DOWN) {
+        right_gear_ = LOW;
+      }
+
+      gear_logging.left_state = left_gear_;
+      gear_logging.right_state = right_gear_;
+      LOG_STRUCT(DEBUG, "state", gear_logging);
+    }
+  }
+
+  double FilterVelocity(double throttle) {
+    const Eigen::Matrix<double, 2, 2> FF =
+        loop_->B().inverse() *
+        (Eigen::Matrix<double, 2, 2>::Identity() - loop_->A());
+
+    constexpr int kHighGearController = 3;
+    const Eigen::Matrix<double, 2, 2> FF_high =
+        loop_->controller(kHighGearController).plant.B().inverse() *
+        (Eigen::Matrix<double, 2, 2>::Identity() -
+         loop_->controller(kHighGearController).plant.A());
+
+    ::Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, 2> FF_sum = FF.colwise().sum();
+    int min_FF_sum_index;
+    const double min_FF_sum = FF_sum.minCoeff(&min_FF_sum_index);
+    const double min_K_sum = loop_->K().col(min_FF_sum_index).sum();
+    const double high_min_FF_sum = FF_high.col(0).sum();
+
+    const double adjusted_ff_voltage = ::aos::Clip(
+        throttle * 12.0 * min_FF_sum / high_min_FF_sum, -12.0, 12.0);
+    return ((adjusted_ff_voltage +
+             ttrust_ * min_K_sum * (loop_->X_hat(0, 0) + loop_->X_hat(1, 0)) / 2.0) /
+            (ttrust_ * min_K_sum + min_FF_sum));
+  }
+
+  double MaxVelocity() {
+    const Eigen::Matrix<double, 2, 2> FF =
+        loop_->B().inverse() *
+        (Eigen::Matrix<double, 2, 2>::Identity() - loop_->A());
+
+    constexpr int kHighGearController = 3;
+    const Eigen::Matrix<double, 2, 2> FF_high =
+        loop_->controller(kHighGearController).plant.B().inverse() *
+        (Eigen::Matrix<double, 2, 2>::Identity() -
+         loop_->controller(kHighGearController).plant.A());
+
+    ::Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, 2> FF_sum = FF.colwise().sum();
+    int min_FF_sum_index;
+    const double min_FF_sum = FF_sum.minCoeff(&min_FF_sum_index);
+    //const double min_K_sum = loop_->K().col(min_FF_sum_index).sum();
+    const double high_min_FF_sum = FF_high.col(0).sum();
+
+    const double adjusted_ff_voltage = ::aos::Clip(
+        12.0 * min_FF_sum / high_min_FF_sum, -12.0, 12.0);
+    return adjusted_ff_voltage / min_FF_sum;
+  }
+
+  void Update() {
+    // TODO(austin): Observer for the current velocity instead of difference
+    // calculations.
+    ++counter_;
+    const double current_left_velocity =
+        (position_.left_encoder - last_position_.left_encoder) /
+        position_time_delta_;
+    const double current_right_velocity =
+        (position_.right_encoder - last_position_.right_encoder) /
+        position_time_delta_;
+    const double left_motor_speed =
+        MotorSpeed(kBot3LeftDriveShifter,
+                   position_.left_shifter_position,
+                   current_left_velocity);
+    const double right_motor_speed =
+        MotorSpeed(kBot3RightDriveShifter,
+                   position_.right_shifter_position,
+                   current_right_velocity);
+
+    {
+      CIMLogging logging;
+
+      // Reset the CIM model to the current conditions to be ready for when we
+      // shift.
+      if (IsInGear(left_gear_)) {
+        logging.left_in_gear = true;
+      } else {
+        logging.left_in_gear = false;
+      }
+      logging.left_motor_speed = left_motor_speed;
+      logging.left_velocity = current_left_velocity;
+      if (IsInGear(right_gear_)) {
+        logging.right_in_gear = true;
+      } else {
+        logging.right_in_gear = false;
+      }
+      logging.right_motor_speed = right_motor_speed;
+      logging.right_velocity = current_right_velocity;
+
+      LOG_STRUCT(DEBUG, "currently", logging);
+    }
+
+    if (IsInGear(left_gear_) && IsInGear(right_gear_)) {
+      // FF * X = U (steady state)
+      const Eigen::Matrix<double, 2, 2> FF =
+          loop_->B().inverse() *
+          (Eigen::Matrix<double, 2, 2>::Identity() - loop_->A());
+
+      // Invert the plant to figure out how the velocity filter would have to
+      // work
+      // out in order to filter out the forwards negative inertia.
+      // This math assumes that the left and right power and velocity are
+      // equals,
+      // and that the plant is the same on the left and right.
+      const double fvel = FilterVelocity(throttle_);
+
+      const double sign_svel = wheel_ * ((fvel > 0.0) ? 1.0 : -1.0);
+      double steering_velocity;
+      if (quickturn_) {
+        steering_velocity = wheel_ * MaxVelocity();
+      } else {
+        steering_velocity = ::std::abs(fvel) * wheel_;
+      }
+      const double left_velocity = fvel - steering_velocity;
+      const double right_velocity = fvel + steering_velocity;
+
+      // Integrate velocity to get the position.
+      // This position is used to get integral control.
+      loop_->mutable_R() << left_velocity, right_velocity;
+
+      if (!quickturn_) {
+        // K * R = w
+        Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, 2> equality_k;
+        equality_k << 1 + sign_svel, -(1 - sign_svel);
+        const double equality_w = 0.0;
+
+        // Construct a constraint on R by manipulating the constraint on U
+        ::aos::controls::HPolytope<2> R_poly = ::aos::controls::HPolytope<2>(
+            U_Poly_.H() * (loop_->K() + FF),
+            U_Poly_.k() + U_Poly_.H() * loop_->K() * loop_->X_hat());
+
+        // Limit R back inside the box.
+        loop_->mutable_R() =
+            CoerceGoal(R_poly, equality_k, equality_w, loop_->R());
+      }
+
+      const Eigen::Matrix<double, 2, 1> FF_volts = FF * loop_->R();
+      const Eigen::Matrix<double, 2, 1> U_ideal =
+          loop_->K() * (loop_->R() - loop_->X_hat()) + FF_volts;
+
+      for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
+        loop_->mutable_U()[i] = ::aos::Clip(U_ideal[i], -12, 12);
+      }
+
+      // TODO(austin): Model this better.
+      // TODO(austin): Feed back?
+      loop_->mutable_X_hat() =
+          loop_->A() * loop_->X_hat() + loop_->B() * loop_->U();
+    } else {
+      // Any motor is not in gear.  Speed match.
+      ::Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, 1> R_left;
+      ::Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, 1> R_right;
+      R_left(0, 0) = left_motor_speed;
+      R_right(0, 0) = right_motor_speed;
+
+      const double wiggle =
+          (static_cast<double>((counter_ % 20) / 10) - 0.5) * 5.0;
+
+      loop_->mutable_U(0, 0) = ::aos::Clip(
+          (R_left / Kv)(0, 0) + (IsInGear(left_gear_) ? 0 : wiggle),
+          -12.0, 12.0);
+      loop_->mutable_U(1, 0) = ::aos::Clip(
+          (R_right / Kv)(0, 0) + (IsInGear(right_gear_) ? 0 : wiggle),
+          -12.0, 12.0);
+      loop_->mutable_U() *= 12.0 / position_.battery_voltage;
+    }
+  }
+
+  void SendMotors(Drivetrain::Output *output) {
+    if (output != NULL) {
+      output->left_voltage = loop_->U(0, 0);
+      output->right_voltage = loop_->U(1, 0);
+      output->left_high = left_gear_ == HIGH || left_gear_ == SHIFTING_UP;
+      output->right_high = right_gear_ == HIGH || right_gear_ == SHIFTING_UP;
+    }
+  }
+
+ private:
+  const ::aos::controls::HPolytope<2> U_Poly_;
+
+  ::std::unique_ptr<StateFeedbackLoop<2, 2, 2>> loop_;
+
+  const double ttrust_;
+  double wheel_;
+  double throttle_;
+  bool quickturn_;
+  int stale_count_;
+  double position_time_delta_;
+  Gear left_gear_;
+  Gear right_gear_;
+  Drivetrain::Position last_position_;
+  Drivetrain::Position position_;
+  int counter_;
+};
+constexpr double PolyDrivetrain::kStallTorque;
+constexpr double PolyDrivetrain::kStallCurrent;
+constexpr double PolyDrivetrain::kFreeSpeed;
+constexpr double PolyDrivetrain::kFreeCurrent;
+constexpr double PolyDrivetrain::J;
+constexpr double PolyDrivetrain::m;
+constexpr double PolyDrivetrain::rb;
+constexpr double PolyDrivetrain::kWheelRadius;
+constexpr double PolyDrivetrain::kR;
+constexpr double PolyDrivetrain::Kv;
+constexpr double PolyDrivetrain::Kt;
+
+
+void DrivetrainLoop::RunIteration(const Drivetrain::Goal *goal,
+                                  const Drivetrain::Position *position,
+                                  Drivetrain::Output *output,
+                                  Drivetrain::Status * status) {
+  // TODO(aschuh): These should be members of the class.
+  static DrivetrainMotorsSS dt_closedloop;
+  static PolyDrivetrain dt_openloop;
+
+  bool bad_pos = false;
+  if (position == nullptr) {
+    LOG_INTERVAL(no_position_);
+    bad_pos = true;
+  }
+  no_position_.Print();
+
+  double wheel = goal->steering;
+  double throttle = goal->throttle;
+  bool quickturn = goal->quickturn;
+  bool highgear = goal->highgear;
+
+  bool control_loop_driving = goal->control_loop_driving;
+  double left_goal = goal->left_goal;
+  double right_goal = goal->right_goal;
+
+  dt_closedloop.SetGoal(left_goal, goal->left_velocity_goal, right_goal,
+                        goal->right_velocity_goal);
+  if (!bad_pos) {
+    const double left_encoder = position->left_encoder;
+    const double right_encoder = position->right_encoder;
+    if (gyro_reading.FetchLatest()) {
+      LOG_STRUCT(DEBUG, "using", *gyro_reading.get());
+      dt_closedloop.SetPosition(left_encoder, right_encoder,
+                                gyro_reading->angle);
+    } else {
+      dt_closedloop.SetRawPosition(left_encoder, right_encoder);
+    }
+  }
+  dt_openloop.SetPosition(position);
+  dt_openloop.SetGoal(wheel, throttle, quickturn, highgear);
+  dt_openloop.Update();
+
+  if (control_loop_driving) {
+    dt_closedloop.Update(output == NULL, true);
+    dt_closedloop.SendMotors(output);
+  } else {
+    dt_openloop.SendMotors(output);
+    if (output) {
+      dt_closedloop.SetExternalMotors(output->left_voltage,
+                                      output->right_voltage);
+    }
+    dt_closedloop.Update(output == NULL, false);
+  }
+
+  // set the output status of the control loop state
+  if (status) {
+    bool done = false;
+    if (goal) {
+      done = ((::std::abs(goal->left_goal -
+                          dt_closedloop.GetEstimatedLeftEncoder()) <
+               kBot3DrivetrainDoneDistance) &&
+              (::std::abs(goal->right_goal -
+                          dt_closedloop.GetEstimatedRightEncoder()) <
+               kBot3DrivetrainDoneDistance));
+    }
+    status->is_done = done;
+    status->robot_speed = dt_closedloop.GetEstimatedRobotSpeed();
+    status->filtered_left_position = dt_closedloop.GetEstimatedLeftEncoder();
+    status->filtered_right_position = dt_closedloop.GetEstimatedRightEncoder();
+    status->output_was_capped = dt_closedloop.OutputWasCapped();
+    status->uncapped_left_voltage = dt_closedloop.loop().U_uncapped(0, 0);
+    status->uncapped_right_voltage = dt_closedloop.loop().U_uncapped(1, 0);
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace control_loops
+}  // namespace bot3