Update rules_python

This patch bumps rules_python from 0.12.0 to 0.16.1.

Our rules_python patch that allows us to override packages needed to
be rebased. The biggest upstream changes that happened upstream since
the last update is the addition of bzlmod support. This made the
rules_python patch look quite a bit different, but is functionally the
same.

Signed-off-by: Philipp Schrader <philipp.schrader@gmail.com>
Change-Id: I4db108d955e2fd0e63d69ea8f82e6bf5d0c1b6d8
diff --git a/build_tests/upstream_python_test.py b/build_tests/upstream_python_test.py
index 3beff11..a02625b 100644
--- a/build_tests/upstream_python_test.py
+++ b/build_tests/upstream_python_test.py
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 
     def test_version(self):
         """Validates that we are using the version specified in rules_python."""
-        self.assertEqual(sys.version_info[0:3], (3, 9, 13))
+        self.assertEqual(sys.version_info[0:3], (3, 9, 15))
 
     def test_imports(self):
         """Validates that we can import pip packages from pypi.org."""