Add a process which reads frames from the camera

Tested on a pi, and it captures something. Don't have a good way to look
if the data makes any sense or not.

Change-Id: I40c8c4e395fcf468f4381250c7b75a5e4bee0cc4
diff --git a/y2020/vision/v4l2_reader.h b/y2020/vision/v4l2_reader.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..969f4a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/y2020/vision/v4l2_reader.h
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+#ifndef Y2020_VISION_V4L2_READER_H_
+#define Y2020_VISION_V4L2_READER_H_
+
+#include <array>
+#include <string>
+
+#include "absl/types/span.h"
+#include "glog/logging.h"
+
+#include "aos/events/event_loop.h"
+#include "aos/scoped/scoped_fd.h"
+#include "y2020/vision/vision_generated.h"
+
+namespace frc971 {
+namespace vision {
+
+// Reads images from a V4L2 capture device (aka camera).
+class V4L2Reader {
+ public:
+  // device_name is the name of the device file (like "/dev/video0").
+  V4L2Reader(aos::EventLoop *event_loop, const std::string &device_name);
+
+  V4L2Reader(const V4L2Reader &) = delete;
+  V4L2Reader &operator=(const V4L2Reader &) = delete;
+
+  // Reads the latest image.
+  //
+  // Returns an empty span if no image was available since this object was
+  // created. The data referenced in the return value is valid until this method
+  // is called again.
+  absl::Span<const char> ReadLatestImage();
+
+  // Sends the latest image.
+  //
+  // ReadLatestImage() must have returned a non-empty span the last time it was
+  // called. After calling this, the data which was returned from
+  // ReadLatestImage() will no longer be valid.
+  void SendLatestImage();
+
+ private:
+  static constexpr int kNumberBuffers = 16;
+
+  struct Buffer {
+    void InitializeMessage(size_t max_image_size) {
+      builder = aos::Sender<CameraImage>::Builder();
+      builder = sender.MakeBuilder();
+      // The kernel has an undocumented requirement that the buffer is aligned
+      // to 64 bytes. If you give it a nonaligned pointer, it will return EINVAL
+      // and only print something in dmesg with the relevant dynamic debug
+      // prints turned on.
+      builder.fbb()->StartIndeterminateVector(max_image_size, 1, 64,
+                                              &data_pointer);
+      CHECK_EQ(reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(data_pointer) % 64, 0u)
+          << ": Flatbuffers failed to align things as requested";
+    }
+
+    void Send(int rows, int cols, size_t image_size) {
+      const auto data_offset =
+          builder.fbb()->EndIndeterminateVector(image_size, 1);
+      auto image_builder = builder.MakeBuilder<CameraImage>();
+      image_builder.add_data(data_offset);
+      image_builder.add_rows(rows);
+      image_builder.add_cols(cols);
+      builder.Send(image_builder.Finish());
+      data_pointer = nullptr;
+    }
+
+    absl::Span<const char> DataSpan(size_t image_size) {
+      return absl::Span<const char>(reinterpret_cast<char *>(data_pointer),
+                                    image_size);
+    }
+
+    aos::Sender<CameraImage> sender;
+    aos::Sender<CameraImage>::Builder builder;
+
+    uint8_t *data_pointer = nullptr;
+  };
+
+  // TODO(Brian): This concept won't exist once we start using variable-size
+  // H.264 frames.
+  size_t ImageSize() const { return rows_ * cols_ * 2 /* bytes per pixel */; }
+
+  // Attempts to dequeue a buffer (nonblocking). Returns the index of the new
+  // buffer, or -1 if there wasn't a frame to dequeue.
+  int DequeueBuffer();
+
+  void EnqueueBuffer(int buffer);
+
+  int Ioctl(unsigned long number, void *arg);
+
+  // The mmaped V4L2 buffers.
+  std::array<Buffer, kNumberBuffers> buffers_;
+
+  // If this is non-negative, it's the buffer number we're currently holding
+  // onto.
+  int saved_buffer_ = -1;
+
+  const int rows_ = 480;
+  const int cols_ = 640;
+
+  aos::ScopedFD fd_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace vision
+}  // namespace frc971
+
+#endif  // Y2020_VISION_V4L2_READER_H_