diff --git a/src/config.h b/src/config.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b90b7e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/config.h
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+// Note: This header file is only used internally. It is not part of public interface!
+
+#ifndef GFLAGS_CONFIG_H_
+#define GFLAGS_CONFIG_H_
+
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// System checks
+
+// CMake build configuration is written to defines.h file, unused by Bazel build
+#if !defined(GFLAGS_BAZEL_BUILD)
+#  include "defines.h"
+#endif
+
+// gcc requires this to get PRId64, etc.
+#if defined(HAVE_INTTYPES_H) && !defined(__STDC_FORMAT_MACROS)
+#  define __STDC_FORMAT_MACROS 1
+#endif
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Path separator
+#ifndef PATH_SEPARATOR
+#  ifdef OS_WINDOWS
+#    define PATH_SEPARATOR  '\\'
+#  else
+#    define PATH_SEPARATOR  '/'
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Windows
+
+// Always export symbols when compiling a shared library as this file is only
+// included by internal modules when building the gflags library itself.
+// The gflags_declare.h header file will set it to import these symbols otherwise.
+#ifndef GFLAGS_DLL_DECL
+#  if GFLAGS_IS_A_DLL && defined(_MSC_VER)
+#    define GFLAGS_DLL_DECL __declspec(dllexport)
+#  else
+#    define GFLAGS_DLL_DECL
+#  endif
+#endif
+// Flags defined by the gflags library itself must be exported
+#ifndef GFLAGS_DLL_DEFINE_FLAG
+#  define GFLAGS_DLL_DEFINE_FLAG GFLAGS_DLL_DECL
+#endif
+
+#ifdef OS_WINDOWS
+// The unittests import the symbols of the shared gflags library
+#  if GFLAGS_IS_A_DLL && defined(_MSC_VER)
+#    define GFLAGS_DLL_DECL_FOR_UNITTESTS __declspec(dllimport)
+#  endif
+#  include "windows_port.h"
+#endif
+
+
+#endif // GFLAGS_CONFIG_H_
diff --git a/src/config.h.in b/src/config.h.in
deleted file mode 100644
index a8708da..0000000
--- a/src/config.h.in
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,112 +0,0 @@
-/* Generated from config.h.in during build configuration using CMake. */
-
-// Note: This header file is only used internally. It is not part of public interface!
-
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// System checks
-
-// Define if you build this library for a MS Windows OS.
-#cmakedefine OS_WINDOWS
-
-// Define if you have the <stdint.h> header file.
-#cmakedefine HAVE_STDINT_H
-
-// Define if you have the <sys/types.h> header file.
-#cmakedefine HAVE_SYS_TYPES_H
-
-// Define if you have the <inttypes.h> header file.
-#cmakedefine HAVE_INTTYPES_H
-
-// Define if you have the <sys/stat.h> header file.
-#cmakedefine HAVE_SYS_STAT_H
-
-// Define if you have the <unistd.h> header file.
-#cmakedefine HAVE_UNISTD_H
-
-// Define if you have the <fnmatch.h> header file.
-#cmakedefine HAVE_FNMATCH_H
-
-// Define if you have the <shlwapi.h> header file (Windows 2000/XP).
-#cmakedefine HAVE_SHLWAPI_H
-
-// Define if you have the strtoll function.
-#cmakedefine HAVE_STRTOLL
-
-// Define if you have the strtoq function.
-#cmakedefine HAVE_STRTOQ
-
-// Define if you have the <pthread.h> header file.
-#cmakedefine HAVE_PTHREAD
-
-// Define if your pthread library defines the type pthread_rwlock_t
-#cmakedefine HAVE_RWLOCK
-
-// gcc requires this to get PRId64, etc.
-#if defined(HAVE_INTTYPES_H) && !defined(__STDC_FORMAT_MACROS)
-#  define __STDC_FORMAT_MACROS 1
-#endif
-
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// Package information
-
-// Name of package.
-#define PACKAGE @PROJECT_NAME@
-
-// Define to the full name of this package.
-#define PACKAGE_NAME @PACKAGE_NAME@
-
-// Define to the full name and version of this package.
-#define PACKAGE_STRING @PACKAGE_STRING@
-
-// Define to the one symbol short name of this package.
-#define PACKAGE_TARNAME @PACKAGE_TARNAME@
-
-// Define to the version of this package.
-#define PACKAGE_VERSION @PACKAGE_VERSION@
-
-// Version number of package.
-#define VERSION PACKAGE_VERSION
-
-// Define to the address where bug reports for this package should be sent.
-#define PACKAGE_BUGREPORT @PACKAGE_BUGREPORT@
-
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// Path separator
-#ifndef PATH_SEPARATOR
-#  ifdef OS_WINDOWS
-#    define PATH_SEPARATOR  '\\'
-#  else
-#    define PATH_SEPARATOR  '/'
-#  endif
-#endif
-
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// Windows
-
-// Whether gflags library is a DLL.
-#ifndef GFLAGS_IS_A_DLL
-#  define GFLAGS_IS_A_DLL 0
-#endif
-
-// Always export symbols when compiling a shared library as this file is only
-// included by internal modules when building the gflags library itself.
-// The gflags_declare.h header file will set it to import these symbols otherwise.
-#ifndef GFLAGS_DLL_DECL
-#  if GFLAGS_IS_A_DLL && defined(_MSC_VER)
-#    define GFLAGS_DLL_DECL __declspec(dllexport)
-#  else
-#    define GFLAGS_DLL_DECL
-#  endif
-#endif
-// Flags defined by the gflags library itself must be exported
-#ifndef GFLAGS_DLL_DEFINE_FLAG
-#  define GFLAGS_DLL_DEFINE_FLAG GFLAGS_DLL_DECL
-#endif
-
-#ifdef OS_WINDOWS
-// The unittests import the symbols of the shared gflags library
-#  if GFLAGS_IS_A_DLL && defined(_MSC_VER)
-#    define GFLAGS_DLL_DECL_FOR_UNITTESTS __declspec(dllimport)
-#  endif
-#  include "windows_port.h"
-#endif
diff --git a/src/defines.h.in b/src/defines.h.in
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dfb214e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/defines.h.in
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+/* Generated from defines.h.in during build configuration using CMake. */
+
+// Note: This header file is only used internally. It is not part of public interface!
+//       Any cmakedefine is defined using the -D flag instead when Bazel is used.
+//       For Bazel, this file is thus not used to avoid a private file in $(GENDIR).
+
+#ifndef GFLAGS_DEFINES_H_
+#define GFLAGS_DEFINES_H_
+
+
+// Define if you build this library for a MS Windows OS.
+#cmakedefine OS_WINDOWS
+
+// Define if you have the <stdint.h> header file.
+#cmakedefine HAVE_STDINT_H
+
+// Define if you have the <sys/types.h> header file.
+#cmakedefine HAVE_SYS_TYPES_H
+
+// Define if you have the <inttypes.h> header file.
+#cmakedefine HAVE_INTTYPES_H
+
+// Define if you have the <sys/stat.h> header file.
+#cmakedefine HAVE_SYS_STAT_H
+
+// Define if you have the <unistd.h> header file.
+#cmakedefine HAVE_UNISTD_H
+
+// Define if you have the <fnmatch.h> header file.
+#cmakedefine HAVE_FNMATCH_H
+
+// Define if you have the <shlwapi.h> header file (Windows 2000/XP).
+#cmakedefine HAVE_SHLWAPI_H
+
+// Define if you have the strtoll function.
+#cmakedefine HAVE_STRTOLL
+
+// Define if you have the strtoq function.
+#cmakedefine HAVE_STRTOQ
+
+// Define if you have the <pthread.h> header file.
+#cmakedefine HAVE_PTHREAD
+
+// Define if your pthread library defines the type pthread_rwlock_t
+#cmakedefine HAVE_RWLOCK
+
+
+#endif // GFLAGS_DEFINES_H_
diff --git a/src/gflags.cc b/src/gflags.cc
index 285050f..e0171fe 100644
--- a/src/gflags.cc
+++ b/src/gflags.cc
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@
 // are, similarly, mostly hooks into the functionality described above.
 
 #include "config.h"
-#include "gflags.h"
+#include "gflags/gflags.h"
 
 #include <assert.h>
 #include <ctype.h>
@@ -96,6 +96,7 @@
 #if defined(HAVE_FNMATCH_H)
 #  include <fnmatch.h>
 #elif defined(HAVE_SHLWAPI_H)
+#  define NO_SHLWAPI_ISOS
 #  include <shlwapi.h>
 #endif
 #include <stdarg.h> // For va_list and related operations
@@ -111,6 +112,9 @@
 #include "mutex.h"
 #include "util.h"
 
+using namespace MUTEX_NAMESPACE;
+
+
 // Special flags, type 1: the 'recursive' flags.  They set another flag's val.
 DEFINE_string(flagfile,   "", "load flags from file");
 DEFINE_string(fromenv,    "", "set flags from the environment"
@@ -167,12 +171,10 @@
 
 // Report Error and exit if requested.
 static void ReportError(DieWhenReporting should_die, const char* format, ...) {
-  char error_message[255];
   va_list ap;
   va_start(ap, format);
-  vsnprintf(error_message, sizeof(error_message), format, ap);
+  vfprintf(stderr, format, ap);
   va_end(ap);
-  fprintf(stderr, "%s", error_message);
   fflush(stderr);   // should be unnecessary, but cygwin's rxvt buffers stderr
   if (should_die == DIE) gflags_exitfunc(1);
 }
@@ -188,34 +190,41 @@
 class CommandLineFlag;
 class FlagValue {
  public:
-  FlagValue(void* valbuf, const char* type, bool transfer_ownership_of_value);
+  enum ValueType {
+    FV_BOOL = 0,
+    FV_INT32 = 1,
+    FV_UINT32 = 2,
+    FV_INT64 = 3,
+    FV_UINT64 = 4,
+    FV_DOUBLE = 5,
+    FV_STRING = 6,
+    FV_MAX_INDEX = 6,
+  };
+
+  template <typename FlagType>
+  FlagValue(FlagType* valbuf, bool transfer_ownership_of_value);
   ~FlagValue();
 
   bool ParseFrom(const char* spec);
   string ToString() const;
 
+  ValueType Type() const { return static_cast<ValueType>(type_); }
+
  private:
   friend class CommandLineFlag;  // for many things, including Validate()
   friend class GFLAGS_NAMESPACE::FlagSaverImpl;  // calls New()
   friend class FlagRegistry;     // checks value_buffer_ for flags_by_ptr_ map
-  template <typename T> friend T GetFromEnv(const char*, const char*, T);
+  template <typename T> friend T GetFromEnv(const char*, T);
   friend bool TryParseLocked(const CommandLineFlag*, FlagValue*,
                              const char*, string*);  // for New(), CopyFrom()
 
-  enum ValueType {
-    FV_BOOL = 0,
-    FV_INT32 = 1,
-    FV_INT64 = 2,
-    FV_UINT64 = 3,
-    FV_DOUBLE = 4,
-    FV_STRING = 5,
-    FV_MAX_INDEX = 5,
-  };
+  template <typename FlagType>
+  struct FlagValueTraits;
+
   const char* TypeName() const;
   bool Equal(const FlagValue& x) const;
   FlagValue* New() const;   // creates a new one with default value
   void CopyFrom(const FlagValue& x);
-  int ValueSize() const;
 
   // Calls the given validate-fn on value_buffer_, and returns
   // whatever it returns.  But first casts validate_fn_proto to a
@@ -223,14 +232,33 @@
   // (*validate_fn)(bool) for a bool flag).
   bool Validate(const char* flagname, ValidateFnProto validate_fn_proto) const;
 
-  void* value_buffer_;          // points to the buffer holding our data
-  int8 type_;                   // how to interpret value_
-  bool owns_value_;         // whether to free value on destruct
+  void* const value_buffer_;          // points to the buffer holding our data
+  const int8 type_;                   // how to interpret value_
+  const bool owns_value_;             // whether to free value on destruct
 
   FlagValue(const FlagValue&);   // no copying!
   void operator=(const FlagValue&);
 };
 
+// Map the given C++ type to a value of the ValueType enum at compile time.
+#define DEFINE_FLAG_TRAITS(type, value)        \
+  template <>                                  \
+  struct FlagValue::FlagValueTraits<type> {    \
+    static const ValueType kValueType = value; \
+  }
+
+// Define full template specializations of the FlagValueTraits template
+// for all supported flag types.
+DEFINE_FLAG_TRAITS(bool, FV_BOOL);
+DEFINE_FLAG_TRAITS(int32, FV_INT32);
+DEFINE_FLAG_TRAITS(uint32, FV_UINT32);
+DEFINE_FLAG_TRAITS(int64, FV_INT64);
+DEFINE_FLAG_TRAITS(uint64, FV_UINT64);
+DEFINE_FLAG_TRAITS(double, FV_DOUBLE);
+DEFINE_FLAG_TRAITS(std::string, FV_STRING);
+
+#undef DEFINE_FLAG_TRAITS
+
 
 // This could be a templated method of FlagValue, but doing so adds to the
 // size of the .o.  Since there's no type-safety here anyway, macro is ok.
@@ -238,16 +266,12 @@
 #define OTHER_VALUE_AS(fv, type)  *reinterpret_cast<type*>(fv.value_buffer_)
 #define SET_VALUE_AS(type, value)  VALUE_AS(type) = (value)
 
-FlagValue::FlagValue(void* valbuf, const char* type,
+template <typename FlagType>
+FlagValue::FlagValue(FlagType* valbuf,
                      bool transfer_ownership_of_value)
     : value_buffer_(valbuf),
+      type_(FlagValueTraits<FlagType>::kValueType),
       owns_value_(transfer_ownership_of_value) {
-  for (type_ = 0; type_ <= FV_MAX_INDEX; ++type_) {
-    if (!strcmp(type, TypeName())) {
-      break;
-    }
-  }
-  assert(type_ <= FV_MAX_INDEX);  // Unknown typename
 }
 
 FlagValue::~FlagValue() {
@@ -257,6 +281,7 @@
   switch (type_) {
     case FV_BOOL: delete reinterpret_cast<bool*>(value_buffer_); break;
     case FV_INT32: delete reinterpret_cast<int32*>(value_buffer_); break;
+    case FV_UINT32: delete reinterpret_cast<uint32*>(value_buffer_); break;
     case FV_INT64: delete reinterpret_cast<int64*>(value_buffer_); break;
     case FV_UINT64: delete reinterpret_cast<uint64*>(value_buffer_); break;
     case FV_DOUBLE: delete reinterpret_cast<double*>(value_buffer_); break;
@@ -305,6 +330,16 @@
       SET_VALUE_AS(int32, static_cast<int32>(r));
       return true;
     }
+    case FV_UINT32: {
+      while (*value == ' ') value++;
+      if (*value == '-') return false;  // negative number
+      const uint64 r = strtou64(value, &end, base);
+      if (errno || end != value + strlen(value))  return false;  // bad parse
+        if (static_cast<uint32>(r) != r)  // worked, but number out of range
+        return false;
+      SET_VALUE_AS(uint32, static_cast<uint32>(r));
+      return true;
+    }
     case FV_INT64: {
       const int64 r = strto64(value, &end, base);
       if (errno || end != value + strlen(value))  return false;  // bad parse
@@ -340,6 +375,9 @@
     case FV_INT32:
       snprintf(intbuf, sizeof(intbuf), "%" PRId32, VALUE_AS(int32));
       return intbuf;
+    case FV_UINT32:
+      snprintf(intbuf, sizeof(intbuf), "%" PRIu32, VALUE_AS(uint32));
+      return intbuf;
     case FV_INT64:
       snprintf(intbuf, sizeof(intbuf), "%" PRId64, VALUE_AS(int64));
       return intbuf;
@@ -366,6 +404,9 @@
     case FV_INT32:
       return reinterpret_cast<bool (*)(const char*, int32)>(
           validate_fn_proto)(flagname, VALUE_AS(int32));
+    case FV_UINT32:
+      return reinterpret_cast<bool (*)(const char*, uint32)>(
+          validate_fn_proto)(flagname, VALUE_AS(uint32));
     case FV_INT64:
       return reinterpret_cast<bool (*)(const char*, int64)>(
           validate_fn_proto)(flagname, VALUE_AS(int64));
@@ -388,6 +429,7 @@
   static const char types[] =
       "bool\0xx"
       "int32\0x"
+      "uint32\0"
       "int64\0x"
       "uint64\0"
       "double\0"
@@ -406,6 +448,7 @@
   switch (type_) {
     case FV_BOOL:   return VALUE_AS(bool) == OTHER_VALUE_AS(x, bool);
     case FV_INT32:  return VALUE_AS(int32) == OTHER_VALUE_AS(x, int32);
+    case FV_UINT32: return VALUE_AS(uint32) == OTHER_VALUE_AS(x, uint32);
     case FV_INT64:  return VALUE_AS(int64) == OTHER_VALUE_AS(x, int64);
     case FV_UINT64: return VALUE_AS(uint64) == OTHER_VALUE_AS(x, uint64);
     case FV_DOUBLE: return VALUE_AS(double) == OTHER_VALUE_AS(x, double);
@@ -415,14 +458,14 @@
 }
 
 FlagValue* FlagValue::New() const {
-  const char *type = TypeName();
   switch (type_) {
-    case FV_BOOL:   return new FlagValue(new bool(false), type, true);
-    case FV_INT32:  return new FlagValue(new int32(0), type, true);
-    case FV_INT64:  return new FlagValue(new int64(0), type, true);
-    case FV_UINT64: return new FlagValue(new uint64(0), type, true);
-    case FV_DOUBLE: return new FlagValue(new double(0.0), type, true);
-    case FV_STRING: return new FlagValue(new string, type, true);
+    case FV_BOOL:   return new FlagValue(new bool(false), true);
+    case FV_INT32:  return new FlagValue(new int32(0), true);
+    case FV_UINT32: return new FlagValue(new uint32(0), true);
+    case FV_INT64:  return new FlagValue(new int64(0), true);
+    case FV_UINT64: return new FlagValue(new uint64(0), true);
+    case FV_DOUBLE: return new FlagValue(new double(0.0), true);
+    case FV_STRING: return new FlagValue(new string, true);
     default: assert(false); return NULL;  // unknown type
   }
 }
@@ -432,6 +475,7 @@
   switch (type_) {
     case FV_BOOL:   SET_VALUE_AS(bool, OTHER_VALUE_AS(x, bool));      break;
     case FV_INT32:  SET_VALUE_AS(int32, OTHER_VALUE_AS(x, int32));    break;
+    case FV_UINT32: SET_VALUE_AS(uint32, OTHER_VALUE_AS(x, uint32));  break;
     case FV_INT64:  SET_VALUE_AS(int64, OTHER_VALUE_AS(x, int64));    break;
     case FV_UINT64: SET_VALUE_AS(uint64, OTHER_VALUE_AS(x, uint64));  break;
     case FV_DOUBLE: SET_VALUE_AS(double, OTHER_VALUE_AS(x, double));  break;
@@ -440,22 +484,6 @@
   }
 }
 
-int FlagValue::ValueSize() const {
-  if (type_ > FV_MAX_INDEX) {
-    assert(false);  // unknown type
-    return 0;
-  }
-  static const uint8 valuesize[] = {
-    sizeof(bool),
-    sizeof(int32),
-    sizeof(int64),
-    sizeof(uint64),
-    sizeof(double),
-    sizeof(string),
-  };
-  return valuesize[type_];
-}
-
 // --------------------------------------------------------------------
 // CommandLineFlag
 //    This represents a single flag, including its name, description,
@@ -484,11 +512,14 @@
   ValidateFnProto validate_function() const { return validate_fn_proto_; }
   const void* flag_ptr() const { return current_->value_buffer_; }
 
+  FlagValue::ValueType Type() const { return defvalue_->Type(); }
+
   void FillCommandLineFlagInfo(struct CommandLineFlagInfo* result);
 
   // If validate_fn_proto_ is non-NULL, calls it on value, returns result.
   bool Validate(const FlagValue& value) const;
   bool ValidateCurrent() const { return Validate(*current_); }
+  bool Modified() const { return modified_; }
 
  private:
   // for SetFlagLocked() and setting flags_by_ptr_
@@ -531,26 +562,14 @@
 }
 
 const char* CommandLineFlag::CleanFileName() const {
-  // Compute top-level directory & file that this appears in
-  // search full path backwards.
-  // Stop going backwards at kRootDir; and skip by the first slash.
-  static const char kRootDir[] = "";    // can set this to root directory,
-
-  if (sizeof(kRootDir)-1 == 0)          // no prefix to strip
-    return filename();
-
-  const char* clean_name = filename() + strlen(filename()) - 1;
-  while ( clean_name > filename() ) {
-    if (*clean_name == PATH_SEPARATOR) {
-      if (strncmp(clean_name, kRootDir, sizeof(kRootDir)-1) == 0) {
-        clean_name += sizeof(kRootDir)-1;    // past root-dir
-        break;
-      }
-    }
-    --clean_name;
-  }
-  while ( *clean_name == PATH_SEPARATOR ) ++clean_name;  // Skip any slashes
-  return clean_name;
+  // This function has been used to strip off a common prefix from
+  // flag source file names. Because flags can be defined in different
+  // shared libraries, there may not be a single common prefix.
+  // Further, this functionality hasn't been active for many years.
+  // Need a better way to produce more user friendly help output or
+  // "anonymize" file paths in help output, respectively.
+  // Follow issue at: https://github.com/gflags/gflags/issues/86
+  return filename();
 }
 
 void CommandLineFlag::FillCommandLineFlagInfo(
@@ -661,7 +680,7 @@
 
  private:
   friend class GFLAGS_NAMESPACE::FlagSaverImpl;  // reads all the flags in order to copy them
-  friend class CommandLineFlagParser;    // for ValidateAllFlags
+  friend class CommandLineFlagParser;    // for ValidateUnmodifiedFlags
   friend void GFLAGS_NAMESPACE::GetAllFlags(vector<CommandLineFlagInfo>*);
 
   // The map from name to flag, for FindFlagLocked().
@@ -677,7 +696,6 @@
   static FlagRegistry* global_registry_;   // a singleton registry
 
   Mutex lock_;
-  static Mutex global_registry_lock_;
 
   static void InitGlobalRegistry();
 
@@ -722,7 +740,12 @@
 CommandLineFlag* FlagRegistry::FindFlagLocked(const char* name) {
   FlagConstIterator i = flags_.find(name);
   if (i == flags_.end()) {
-    return NULL;
+    // If the name has dashes in it, try again after replacing with
+    // underscores.
+    if (strchr(name, '-') == NULL) return NULL;
+    string name_rep = name;
+    std::replace(name_rep.begin(), name_rep.end(), '-', '_');
+    return FindFlagLocked(name_rep.c_str());
   } else {
     return i->second;
   }
@@ -774,7 +797,7 @@
                                     kError, key->c_str());
       return NULL;
     }
-    if (strcmp(flag->type_name(), "bool") != 0) {
+    if (flag->Type() != FlagValue::FV_BOOL) {
       // 'x' exists but is not boolean, so we're not in the exception case.
       *error_message = StringPrintf(
           "%sboolean value (%s) specified for %s command line flag\n",
@@ -788,7 +811,7 @@
   }
 
   // Assign a value if this is a boolean flag
-  if (*v == NULL && strcmp(flag->type_name(), "bool") == 0) {
+  if (*v == NULL && flag->Type() == FlagValue::FV_BOOL) {
     *v = "1";    // the --nox case was already handled, so this is the --x case
   }
 
@@ -875,10 +898,10 @@
 
 // Get the singleton FlagRegistry object
 FlagRegistry* FlagRegistry::global_registry_ = NULL;
-Mutex FlagRegistry::global_registry_lock_(Mutex::LINKER_INITIALIZED);
 
 FlagRegistry* FlagRegistry::GlobalRegistry() {
-  MutexLock acquire_lock(&global_registry_lock_);
+  static Mutex lock(Mutex::LINKER_INITIALIZED);
+  MutexLock acquire_lock(&lock);
   if (!global_registry_) {
     global_registry_ = new FlagRegistry;
   }
@@ -917,8 +940,9 @@
   // In gflags_reporting.cc:HandleCommandLineHelpFlags().
 
   // Stage 3: validate all the commandline flags that have validators
-  // registered.
-  void ValidateAllFlags();
+  // registered and were not set/modified by ParseNewCommandLineFlags.
+  void ValidateFlags(bool all);
+  void ValidateUnmodifiedFlags();
 
   // Stage 4: report any errors and return true if any were found.
   bool ReportErrors();
@@ -1005,9 +1029,6 @@
 
 uint32 CommandLineFlagParser::ParseNewCommandLineFlags(int* argc, char*** argv,
                                                        bool remove_flags) {
-  const char *program_name = strrchr((*argv)[0], PATH_SEPARATOR);   // nix path
-  program_name = (program_name == NULL ? (*argv)[0] : program_name+1);
-
   int first_nonopt = *argc;        // for non-options moved to the end
 
   registry_->Lock();
@@ -1015,17 +1036,15 @@
     char* arg = (*argv)[i];
 
     // Like getopt(), we permute non-option flags to be at the end.
-    if (arg[0] != '-' ||           // must be a program argument
-        (arg[0] == '-' && arg[1] == '\0')) {  // "-" is an argument, not a flag
+    if (arg[0] != '-' || arg[1] == '\0') {	// must be a program argument: "-" is an argument, not a flag
       memmove((*argv) + i, (*argv) + i+1, (*argc - (i+1)) * sizeof((*argv)[i]));
       (*argv)[*argc-1] = arg;      // we go last
       first_nonopt--;              // we've been pushed onto the stack
       i--;                         // to undo the i++ in the loop
       continue;
     }
-
-    if (arg[0] == '-') arg++;      // allow leading '-'
-    if (arg[0] == '-') arg++;      // or leading '--'
+    arg++;                     // skip leading '-'
+    if (arg[0] == '-') arg++;  // or leading '--'
 
     // -- alone means what it does for GNU: stop options parsing
     if (*arg == '\0') {
@@ -1047,7 +1066,7 @@
 
     if (value == NULL) {
       // Boolean options are always assigned a value by SplitArgumentLocked()
-      assert(strcmp(flag->type_name(), "bool") != 0);
+      assert(flag->Type() != FlagValue::FV_BOOL);
       if (i+1 >= first_nonopt) {
         // This flag needs a value, but there is nothing available
         error_flags_[key] = (string(kError) + "flag '" + (*argv)[i] + "'"
@@ -1072,7 +1091,7 @@
         // "-lat -30.5" would trigger the warning.  The common cases we
         // want to solve talk about true and false as values.
         if (value[0] == '-'
-            && strcmp(flag->type_name(), "string") == 0
+            && flag->Type() == FlagValue::FV_STRING
             && (strstr(flag->help(), "true")
                 || strstr(flag->help(), "false"))) {
           LOG(WARNING) << "Did you really mean to set flag '"
@@ -1137,8 +1156,8 @@
     }
 
     const string envname = string("FLAGS_") + string(flagname);
-	string envval;
-	if (!SafeGetEnv(envname.c_str(), envval)) {
+    string envval;
+    if (!SafeGetEnv(envname.c_str(), envval)) {
       if (errors_are_fatal) {
         error_flags_[flagname] = (string(kError) + envname +
                                   " not found in environment\n");
@@ -1184,23 +1203,31 @@
   return msg;
 }
 
-void CommandLineFlagParser::ValidateAllFlags() {
+void CommandLineFlagParser::ValidateFlags(bool all) {
   FlagRegistryLock frl(registry_);
   for (FlagRegistry::FlagConstIterator i = registry_->flags_.begin();
        i != registry_->flags_.end(); ++i) {
-    if (!i->second->ValidateCurrent()) {
+    if ((all || !i->second->Modified()) && !i->second->ValidateCurrent()) {
       // only set a message if one isn't already there.  (If there's
       // an error message, our job is done, even if it's not exactly
       // the same error.)
-      if (error_flags_[i->second->name()].empty())
+      if (error_flags_[i->second->name()].empty()) {
         error_flags_[i->second->name()] =
             string(kError) + "--" + i->second->name() +
-            " must be set on the commandline"
-            " (default value fails validation)\n";
+            " must be set on the commandline";
+        if (!i->second->Modified()) {
+          error_flags_[i->second->name()] += " (default value fails validation)";
+        }
+        error_flags_[i->second->name()] += "\n";
+      }
     }
   }
 }
 
+void CommandLineFlagParser::ValidateUnmodifiedFlags() {
+  ValidateFlags(false);
+}
+
 bool CommandLineFlagParser::ReportErrors() {
   // error_flags_ indicates errors we saw while parsing.
   // But we ignore undefined-names if ok'ed by --undef_ok
@@ -1252,7 +1279,11 @@
   for (; line_end; flagfile_contents = line_end + 1) {
     while (*flagfile_contents && isspace(*flagfile_contents))
       ++flagfile_contents;
-    line_end = strchr(flagfile_contents, '\n');
+    // Windows uses "\r\n"
+    line_end = strchr(flagfile_contents, '\r');
+    if (line_end == NULL)
+        line_end = strchr(flagfile_contents, '\n');
+
     size_t len = line_end ? line_end - flagfile_contents
                           : strlen(flagfile_contents);
     string line(flagfile_contents, len);
@@ -1332,14 +1363,14 @@
 // --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 template<typename T>
-T GetFromEnv(const char *varname, const char* type, T dflt) {
+T GetFromEnv(const char *varname, T dflt) {
   std::string valstr;
   if (SafeGetEnv(varname, valstr)) {
-    FlagValue ifv(new T, type, true);
+    FlagValue ifv(new T, true);
     if (!ifv.ParseFrom(valstr.c_str())) {
       ReportError(DIE, "ERROR: error parsing env variable '%s' with value '%s'\n",
                   varname, valstr.c_str());
-	}
+    }
     return OTHER_VALUE_AS(ifv, T);
   } else return dflt;
 }
@@ -1386,22 +1417,48 @@
 //    values in a global destructor.
 // --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-FlagRegisterer::FlagRegisterer(const char* name, const char* type,
-                               const char* help, const char* filename,
-                               void* current_storage, void* defvalue_storage) {
+namespace {
+void RegisterCommandLineFlag(const char* name,
+                             const char* help,
+                             const char* filename,
+                             FlagValue* current,
+                             FlagValue* defvalue) {
   if (help == NULL)
     help = "";
-  // FlagValue expects the type-name to not include any namespace
-  // components, so we get rid of those, if any.
-  if (strchr(type, ':'))
-    type = strrchr(type, ':') + 1;
-  FlagValue* current = new FlagValue(current_storage, type, false);
-  FlagValue* defvalue = new FlagValue(defvalue_storage, type, false);
   // Importantly, flag_ will never be deleted, so storage is always good.
-  CommandLineFlag* flag = new CommandLineFlag(name, help, filename,
-                                              current, defvalue);
-  FlagRegistry::GlobalRegistry()->RegisterFlag(flag);   // default registry
+  CommandLineFlag* flag =
+      new CommandLineFlag(name, help, filename, current, defvalue);
+  FlagRegistry::GlobalRegistry()->RegisterFlag(flag);  // default registry
 }
+}
+
+template <typename FlagType>
+FlagRegisterer::FlagRegisterer(const char* name,
+                               const char* help,
+                               const char* filename,
+                               FlagType* current_storage,
+                               FlagType* defvalue_storage) {
+  FlagValue* const current = new FlagValue(current_storage, false);
+  FlagValue* const defvalue = new FlagValue(defvalue_storage, false);
+  RegisterCommandLineFlag(name, help, filename, current, defvalue);
+}
+
+// Force compiler to generate code for the given template specialization.
+#define INSTANTIATE_FLAG_REGISTERER_CTOR(type)                  \
+  template GFLAGS_DLL_DECL FlagRegisterer::FlagRegisterer(      \
+      const char* name, const char* help, const char* filename, \
+      type* current_storage, type* defvalue_storage)
+
+// Do this for all supported flag types.
+INSTANTIATE_FLAG_REGISTERER_CTOR(bool);
+INSTANTIATE_FLAG_REGISTERER_CTOR(int32);
+INSTANTIATE_FLAG_REGISTERER_CTOR(uint32);
+INSTANTIATE_FLAG_REGISTERER_CTOR(int64);
+INSTANTIATE_FLAG_REGISTERER_CTOR(uint64);
+INSTANTIATE_FLAG_REGISTERER_CTOR(double);
+INSTANTIATE_FLAG_REGISTERER_CTOR(std::string);
+
+#undef INSTANTIATE_FLAG_REGISTERER_CTOR
 
 // --------------------------------------------------------------------
 // GetAllFlags()
@@ -1451,65 +1508,58 @@
 
 // These values are not protected by a Mutex because they are normally
 // set only once during program startup.
-static const char* argv0 = "UNKNOWN";      // just the program name
-static const char* cmdline = "";           // the entire command-line
+static string argv0("UNKNOWN");  // just the program name
+static string cmdline;           // the entire command-line
+static string program_usage;
 static vector<string> argvs;
 static uint32 argv_sum = 0;
-static const char* program_usage = NULL;
 
 void SetArgv(int argc, const char** argv) {
   static bool called_set_argv = false;
-  if (called_set_argv)         // we already have an argv for you
-    return;
-
+  if (called_set_argv) return;
   called_set_argv = true;
 
-  assert(argc > 0);            // every program has at least a progname
-  argv0 = strdup(argv[0]);     // small memory leak, but fn only called once
-  assert(argv0);
+  assert(argc > 0); // every program has at least a name
+  argv0 = argv[0];
 
-  string cmdline_string;       // easier than doing strcats
+  cmdline.clear();
   for (int i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
-    if (i != 0) {
-      cmdline_string += " ";
-    }
-    cmdline_string += argv[i];
+    if (i != 0) cmdline += " ";
+    cmdline += argv[i];
     argvs.push_back(argv[i]);
   }
-  cmdline = strdup(cmdline_string.c_str());  // another small memory leak
-  assert(cmdline);
 
   // Compute a simple sum of all the chars in argv
-  for (const char* c = cmdline; *c; c++)
+  argv_sum = 0;
+  for (string::const_iterator c = cmdline.begin(); c != cmdline.end(); ++c) {
     argv_sum += *c;
+  }
 }
 
 const vector<string>& GetArgvs() { return argvs; }
-const char* GetArgv()            { return cmdline; }
-const char* GetArgv0()           { return argv0; }
+const char* GetArgv()            { return cmdline.c_str(); }
+const char* GetArgv0()           { return argv0.c_str(); }
 uint32 GetArgvSum()              { return argv_sum; }
 const char* ProgramInvocationName() {             // like the GNU libc fn
   return GetArgv0();
 }
 const char* ProgramInvocationShortName() {        // like the GNU libc fn
-  const char* slash = strrchr(argv0, '/');
+  size_t pos = argv0.rfind('/');
 #ifdef OS_WINDOWS
-  if (!slash)  slash = strrchr(argv0, '\\');
+  if (pos == string::npos) pos = argv0.rfind('\\');
 #endif
-  return slash ? slash + 1 : argv0;
+  return (pos == string::npos ? argv0.c_str() : (argv0.c_str() + pos + 1));
 }
 
 void SetUsageMessage(const string& usage) {
-  if (program_usage != NULL)
-    ReportError(DIE, "ERROR: SetUsageMessage() called twice\n");
-  program_usage = strdup(usage.c_str());      // small memory leak
+  program_usage = usage;
 }
 
 const char* ProgramUsage() {
-  if (program_usage) {
-    return program_usage;
+  if (program_usage.empty()) {
+    return "Warning: SetUsageMessage() never called";
   }
-  return "Warning: SetUsageMessage() never called";
+  return program_usage.c_str();
 }
 
 // --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -1517,16 +1567,14 @@
 // VersionString()
 // --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-static const char* version_string = NULL;
+static string version_string;
 
 void SetVersionString(const string& version) {
-  if (version_string != NULL)
-    ReportError(DIE, "ERROR: SetVersionString() called twice\n");
-  version_string = strdup(version.c_str());   // small memory leak
+  version_string = version;
 }
 
 const char* VersionString() {
-  return version_string ? version_string : "";
+  return version_string.c_str();
 }
 
 
@@ -1787,6 +1835,7 @@
 // --------------------------------------------------------------------
 // BoolFromEnv()
 // Int32FromEnv()
+// Uint32FromEnv()
 // Int64FromEnv()
 // Uint64FromEnv()
 // DoubleFromEnv()
@@ -1798,19 +1847,22 @@
 // --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 bool BoolFromEnv(const char *v, bool dflt) {
-  return GetFromEnv(v, "bool", dflt);
+  return GetFromEnv(v, dflt);
 }
 int32 Int32FromEnv(const char *v, int32 dflt) {
-  return GetFromEnv(v, "int32", dflt);
+  return GetFromEnv(v, dflt);
+}
+uint32 Uint32FromEnv(const char *v, uint32 dflt) {
+  return GetFromEnv(v, dflt);
 }
 int64 Int64FromEnv(const char *v, int64 dflt)    {
-  return GetFromEnv(v, "int64", dflt);
+  return GetFromEnv(v, dflt);
 }
 uint64 Uint64FromEnv(const char *v, uint64 dflt) {
-  return GetFromEnv(v, "uint64", dflt);
+  return GetFromEnv(v, dflt);
 }
 double DoubleFromEnv(const char *v, double dflt) {
-  return GetFromEnv(v, "double", dflt);
+  return GetFromEnv(v, dflt);
 }
 
 #ifdef _MSC_VER
@@ -1846,6 +1898,10 @@
                            bool (*validate_fn)(const char*, int32)) {
   return AddFlagValidator(flag, reinterpret_cast<ValidateFnProto>(validate_fn));
 }
+bool RegisterFlagValidator(const uint32* flag,
+                           bool (*validate_fn)(const char*, uint32)) {
+  return AddFlagValidator(flag, reinterpret_cast<ValidateFnProto>(validate_fn));
+}
 bool RegisterFlagValidator(const int64* flag,
                            bool (*validate_fn)(const char*, int64)) {
   return AddFlagValidator(flag, reinterpret_cast<ValidateFnProto>(validate_fn));
@@ -1901,7 +1957,7 @@
     HandleCommandLineHelpFlags();   // may cause us to exit on --help, etc.
 
   // See if any of the unset flags fail their validation checks
-  parser.ValidateAllFlags();
+  parser.ValidateUnmodifiedFlags();
 
   if (parser.ReportErrors())        // may cause us to exit on illegal flags
     gflags_exitfunc(1);
diff --git a/src/gflags.h.in b/src/gflags.h.in
index 0324d39..7b218b9 100644
--- a/src/gflags.h.in
+++ b/src/gflags.h.in
@@ -81,12 +81,12 @@
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>
 
-#include "gflags_declare.h" // IWYU pragma: export
+#include "gflags/gflags_declare.h" // IWYU pragma: export
 
 
 // We always want to export variables defined in user code
 #ifndef GFLAGS_DLL_DEFINE_FLAG
-#  ifdef _MSC_VER
+#  if GFLAGS_IS_A_DLL && defined(_MSC_VER)
 #    define GFLAGS_DLL_DEFINE_FLAG __declspec(dllexport)
 #  else
 #    define GFLAGS_DLL_DEFINE_FLAG
@@ -128,6 +128,7 @@
 // validator is already registered for this flag).
 extern GFLAGS_DLL_DECL bool RegisterFlagValidator(const bool*        flag, bool (*validate_fn)(const char*, bool));
 extern GFLAGS_DLL_DECL bool RegisterFlagValidator(const int32*       flag, bool (*validate_fn)(const char*, int32));
+extern GFLAGS_DLL_DECL bool RegisterFlagValidator(const uint32*      flag, bool (*validate_fn)(const char*, uint32));
 extern GFLAGS_DLL_DECL bool RegisterFlagValidator(const int64*       flag, bool (*validate_fn)(const char*, int64));
 extern GFLAGS_DLL_DECL bool RegisterFlagValidator(const uint64*      flag, bool (*validate_fn)(const char*, uint64));
 extern GFLAGS_DLL_DECL bool RegisterFlagValidator(const double*      flag, bool (*validate_fn)(const char*, double));
@@ -313,6 +314,7 @@
 
 extern GFLAGS_DLL_DECL bool BoolFromEnv(const char *varname, bool defval);
 extern GFLAGS_DLL_DECL int32 Int32FromEnv(const char *varname, int32 defval);
+extern GFLAGS_DLL_DECL uint32 Uint32FromEnv(const char *varname, uint32 defval);
 extern GFLAGS_DLL_DECL int64 Int64FromEnv(const char *varname, int64 defval);
 extern GFLAGS_DLL_DECL uint64 Uint64FromEnv(const char *varname, uint64 defval);
 extern GFLAGS_DLL_DECL double DoubleFromEnv(const char *varname, double defval);
@@ -429,11 +431,37 @@
 
 class GFLAGS_DLL_DECL FlagRegisterer {
  public:
-  FlagRegisterer(const char* name, const char* type,
+  // We instantiate this template ctor for all supported types,
+  // so it is possible to place implementation of the FlagRegisterer ctor in
+  // .cc file.
+  // Calling this constructor with unsupported type will produce linker error.
+  template <typename FlagType>
+  FlagRegisterer(const char* name,
                  const char* help, const char* filename,
-                 void* current_storage, void* defvalue_storage);
+                 FlagType* current_storage, FlagType* defvalue_storage);
 };
 
+// Force compiler to not generate code for the given template specialization.
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER < 1800 // Visual Studio 2013 version 12.0
+  #define GFLAGS_DECLARE_FLAG_REGISTERER_CTOR(type)
+#else
+  #define GFLAGS_DECLARE_FLAG_REGISTERER_CTOR(type)                  \
+    extern template GFLAGS_DLL_DECL FlagRegisterer::FlagRegisterer(  \
+        const char* name, const char* help, const char* filename,    \
+        type* current_storage, type* defvalue_storage)
+#endif
+
+// Do this for all supported flag types.
+GFLAGS_DECLARE_FLAG_REGISTERER_CTOR(bool);
+GFLAGS_DECLARE_FLAG_REGISTERER_CTOR(int32);
+GFLAGS_DECLARE_FLAG_REGISTERER_CTOR(uint32);
+GFLAGS_DECLARE_FLAG_REGISTERER_CTOR(int64);
+GFLAGS_DECLARE_FLAG_REGISTERER_CTOR(uint64);
+GFLAGS_DECLARE_FLAG_REGISTERER_CTOR(double);
+GFLAGS_DECLARE_FLAG_REGISTERER_CTOR(std::string);
+
+#undef GFLAGS_DECLARE_FLAG_REGISTERER_CTOR
+
 // If your application #defines STRIP_FLAG_HELP to a non-zero value
 // before #including this file, we remove the help message from the
 // binary file. This can reduce the size of the resulting binary
@@ -471,9 +499,9 @@
     static const type FLAGS_nono##name = value;                         \
     /* We always want to export defined variables, dll or no */         \
     GFLAGS_DLL_DEFINE_FLAG type FLAGS_##name = FLAGS_nono##name;        \
-    type FLAGS_no##name = FLAGS_nono##name;                             \
+    static type FLAGS_no##name = FLAGS_nono##name;                      \
     static GFLAGS_NAMESPACE::FlagRegisterer o_##name(                   \
-      #name, #type, MAYBE_STRIPPED_HELP(help), __FILE__,                \
+      #name, MAYBE_STRIPPED_HELP(help), __FILE__,                       \
       &FLAGS_##name, &FLAGS_no##name);                                  \
   }                                                                     \
   using fL##shorttype::FLAGS_##name
@@ -508,6 +536,10 @@
    DEFINE_VARIABLE(GFLAGS_NAMESPACE::int32, I, \
                    name, val, txt)
 
+#define DEFINE_uint32(name,val, txt) \
+   DEFINE_VARIABLE(GFLAGS_NAMESPACE::uint32, U, \
+                   name, val, txt)
+
 #define DEFINE_int64(name, val, txt) \
    DEFINE_VARIABLE(GFLAGS_NAMESPACE::int64, I64, \
                    name, val, txt)
@@ -538,6 +570,26 @@
 }
 inline clstring* dont_pass0toDEFINE_string(char *stringspot,
                                            int value);
+
+// Auxiliary class used to explicitly call destructor of string objects
+// allocated using placement new during static program deinitialization.
+// The destructor MUST be an inline function such that the explicit
+// destruction occurs in the same compilation unit as the placement new.
+class StringFlagDestructor {
+  void *current_storage_;
+  void *defvalue_storage_;
+
+public: 
+
+  StringFlagDestructor(void *current, void *defvalue)
+  : current_storage_(current), defvalue_storage_(defvalue) {}
+
+  ~StringFlagDestructor() {
+    reinterpret_cast<clstring*>(current_storage_ )->~clstring();
+    reinterpret_cast<clstring*>(defvalue_storage_)->~clstring();
+  }
+};
+
 }  // namespace fLS
 
 // We need to define a var named FLAGS_no##name so people don't define
@@ -550,13 +602,15 @@
 #define DEFINE_string(name, val, txt)                                       \
   namespace fLS {                                                           \
     using ::fLS::clstring;                                                  \
+    using ::fLS::StringFlagDestructor;                                      \
     static union { void* align; char s[sizeof(clstring)]; } s_##name[2];    \
     clstring* const FLAGS_no##name = ::fLS::                                \
                                    dont_pass0toDEFINE_string(s_##name[0].s, \
                                                              val);          \
     static GFLAGS_NAMESPACE::FlagRegisterer o_##name(                       \
-        #name, "string", MAYBE_STRIPPED_HELP(txt), __FILE__,                \
-        s_##name[0].s, new (s_##name[1].s) clstring(*FLAGS_no##name));      \
+        #name, MAYBE_STRIPPED_HELP(txt), __FILE__,                          \
+        FLAGS_no##name, new (s_##name[1].s) clstring(*FLAGS_no##name));     \
+    static StringFlagDestructor d_##name(s_##name[0].s, s_##name[1].s);     \
     extern GFLAGS_DLL_DEFINE_FLAG clstring& FLAGS_##name;                   \
     using fLS::FLAGS_##name;                                                \
     clstring& FLAGS_##name = *FLAGS_no##name;                               \
diff --git a/src/gflags_completions.cc b/src/gflags_completions.cc
index 3a47623..c53a128 100644
--- a/src/gflags_completions.cc
+++ b/src/gflags_completions.cc
@@ -46,9 +46,6 @@
 //     5a) Force bash to place most-relevent groups at the top of the list
 //     5b) Trim most flag's descriptions to fit on a single terminal line
 
-
-#include "config.h"
-
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <string.h>   // for strlen
@@ -58,7 +55,9 @@
 #include <utility>
 #include <vector>
 
-#include "gflags.h"
+#include "config.h"
+#include "gflags/gflags.h"
+#include "gflags/gflags_completions.h"
 #include "util.h"
 
 using std::set;
@@ -120,7 +119,7 @@
     NotableFlags *notable_flags);
 
 static void TryFindModuleAndPackageDir(
-    const vector<CommandLineFlagInfo> all_flags,
+    const vector<CommandLineFlagInfo> &all_flags,
     string *module,
     string *package_dir);
 
@@ -180,6 +179,11 @@
   bool flag_description_substring_search;
   bool return_all_matching_flags;
   bool force_no_update;
+  CompletionOptions(): flag_name_substring_search(false),
+                       flag_location_substring_search(false),
+                       flag_description_substring_search(false),
+                       return_all_matching_flags(false),
+                       force_no_update(false) { }
 };
 
 // Notable flags are flags that are special or preferred for some
@@ -203,7 +207,7 @@
 static void PrintFlagCompletionInfo(void) {
   string cursor_word = FLAGS_tab_completion_word;
   string canonical_token;
-  CompletionOptions options = { };
+  CompletionOptions options = CompletionOptions();
   CanonicalizeCursorWordAndSearchOptions(
       cursor_word,
       &canonical_token,
@@ -470,7 +474,7 @@
 }
 
 static void TryFindModuleAndPackageDir(
-    const vector<CommandLineFlagInfo> all_flags,
+    const vector<CommandLineFlagInfo> &all_flags,
     string *module,
     string *package_dir) {
   module->clear();
@@ -546,8 +550,7 @@
 
   vector<DisplayInfoGroup> output_groups;
   bool perfect_match_found = false;
-  if (lines_so_far < max_desired_lines &&
-      !notable_flags->perfect_match_flag.empty()) {
+  if (!notable_flags->perfect_match_flag.empty()) {
     perfect_match_found = true;
     DisplayInfoGroup group =
         { "",
diff --git a/src/gflags_declare.h.in b/src/gflags_declare.h.in
index 279db24..752a34d 100644
--- a/src/gflags_declare.h.in
+++ b/src/gflags_declare.h.in
@@ -45,18 +45,27 @@
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Windows DLL import/export.
 
-// We always want to import the symbols of the gflags library
+// Whether gflags library is a DLL.
+//
+// Set to 1 by default when the shared gflags library was built on Windows.
+// Must be overwritten when this header file is used with the optionally also
+// built static library instead; set by CMake's INTERFACE_COMPILE_DEFINITIONS.
+#ifndef GFLAGS_IS_A_DLL
+#  define GFLAGS_IS_A_DLL @GFLAGS_IS_A_DLL@
+#endif
+
+// We always want to import the symbols of the gflags library.
 #ifndef GFLAGS_DLL_DECL
-#  if @GFLAGS_IS_A_DLL@ && defined(_MSC_VER)
+#  if GFLAGS_IS_A_DLL && defined(_MSC_VER)
 #    define GFLAGS_DLL_DECL __declspec(dllimport)
 #  else
 #    define GFLAGS_DLL_DECL
 #  endif
 #endif
 
-// We always want to import variables declared in user code
+// We always want to import variables declared in user code.
 #ifndef GFLAGS_DLL_DECLARE_FLAG
-#  ifdef _MSC_VER
+#  if GFLAGS_IS_A_DLL && defined(_MSC_VER)
 #    define GFLAGS_DLL_DECLARE_FLAG __declspec(dllimport)
 #  else
 #    define GFLAGS_DLL_DECLARE_FLAG
@@ -120,6 +129,9 @@
 #define DECLARE_int32(name) \
   DECLARE_VARIABLE(::GFLAGS_NAMESPACE::int32, I, name)
 
+#define DECLARE_uint32(name) \
+  DECLARE_VARIABLE(::GFLAGS_NAMESPACE::uint32, U, name)
+
 #define DECLARE_int64(name) \
   DECLARE_VARIABLE(::GFLAGS_NAMESPACE::int64, I64, name)
 
@@ -132,7 +144,6 @@
 #define DECLARE_string(name) \
   /* We always want to import declared variables, dll or no */ \
   namespace fLS { \
-  using ::fLS::clstring; \
   extern GFLAGS_DLL_DECLARE_FLAG ::fLS::clstring& FLAGS_##name; \
   } \
   using fLS::FLAGS_##name
diff --git a/src/gflags_ns.h.in b/src/gflags_ns.h.in
index f692666..ef6ac29 100644
--- a/src/gflags_ns.h.in
+++ b/src/gflags_ns.h.in
@@ -77,6 +77,7 @@
 using GFLAGS_NAMESPACE::ReadFromFlagsFile;
 using GFLAGS_NAMESPACE::BoolFromEnv;
 using GFLAGS_NAMESPACE::Int32FromEnv;
+using GFLAGS_NAMESPACE::Uint32FromEnv;
 using GFLAGS_NAMESPACE::Int64FromEnv;
 using GFLAGS_NAMESPACE::Uint64FromEnv;
 using GFLAGS_NAMESPACE::DoubleFromEnv;
diff --git a/src/gflags_reporting.cc b/src/gflags_reporting.cc
index 9cc41a7..29be922 100644
--- a/src/gflags_reporting.cc
+++ b/src/gflags_reporting.cc
@@ -56,8 +56,8 @@
 #include <vector>
 
 #include "config.h"
-#include "gflags.h"
-#include "gflags_completions.h"
+#include "gflags/gflags.h"
+#include "gflags/gflags_completions.h"
 #include "util.h"
 
 
@@ -126,7 +126,8 @@
   string final_string = "";
   int chars_in_line = 0;  // how many chars in current line so far?
   while (1) {
-    assert(chars_left == strlen(c_string));  // Unless there's a \0 in there?
+    assert(static_cast<size_t>(chars_left)
+            == strlen(c_string));  // Unless there's a \0 in there?
     const char* newline = strchr(c_string, '\n');
     if (newline == NULL && chars_in_line+chars_left < kLineLength) {
       // The whole remainder of the string fits on this line
@@ -295,10 +296,10 @@
   }
 }
 
-void ShowUsageWithFlagsRestrict(const char *argv0, const char *restrict) {
+void ShowUsageWithFlagsRestrict(const char *argv0, const char *restrict_) {
   vector<string> substrings;
-  if (restrict != NULL && *restrict != '\0') {
-    substrings.push_back(restrict);
+  if (restrict_ != NULL && *restrict_ != '\0') {
+    substrings.push_back(restrict_);
   }
   ShowUsageWithFlagsMatching(argv0, substrings);
 }
@@ -388,8 +389,8 @@
     gflags_exitfunc(1);
 
   } else if (!FLAGS_helpon.empty()) {
-    string restrict = PATH_SEPARATOR + FLAGS_helpon + ".";
-    ShowUsageWithFlagsRestrict(progname, restrict.c_str());
+    string restrict_ = PATH_SEPARATOR + FLAGS_helpon + ".";
+    ShowUsageWithFlagsRestrict(progname, restrict_.c_str());
     gflags_exitfunc(1);
 
   } else if (!FLAGS_helpmatch.empty()) {
diff --git a/src/mutex.h b/src/mutex.h
index 0bdd9d5..7d7c364 100644
--- a/src/mutex.h
+++ b/src/mutex.h
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@
 #ifndef GFLAGS_MUTEX_H_
 #define GFLAGS_MUTEX_H_
 
-#include "gflags_declare.h"     // to figure out pthreads support
+#include "gflags/gflags_declare.h"     // to figure out pthreads support
 
 #if defined(NO_THREADS)
   typedef int MutexType;        // to keep a lock-count
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@
   // It inhibits work being done by the destructor, which makes it
   // safer for code that tries to acqiure this mutex in their global
   // destructor.
-  inline Mutex(LinkerInitialized);
+  explicit inline Mutex(LinkerInitialized);
 
   // Destructor
   inline ~Mutex();
@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@
   inline void SetIsSafe() { is_safe_ = true; }
 
   // Catch the error of writing Mutex when intending MutexLock.
-  Mutex(Mutex* /*ignored*/) {}
+  explicit Mutex(Mutex* /*ignored*/) {}
   // Disallow "evil" constructors
   Mutex(const Mutex&);
   void operator=(const Mutex&);
@@ -344,8 +344,5 @@
 
 }  // namespace MUTEX_NAMESPACE
 
-using namespace MUTEX_NAMESPACE;
-
-#undef MUTEX_NAMESPACE
 
 #endif  /* #define GFLAGS_MUTEX_H__ */
diff --git a/src/util.h b/src/util.h
index 366e1be..164e3cf 100644
--- a/src/util.h
+++ b/src/util.h
@@ -37,7 +37,6 @@
 #include "config.h"
 
 #include <assert.h>
-#include <config.h>
 #ifdef HAVE_INTTYPES_H
 #  include <inttypes.h>
 #endif
@@ -88,9 +87,10 @@
 
 // -- utility macros ---------------------------------------------------------
 
-template <bool> struct CompileAssert {};
+template <bool b> struct CompileAssert;
+template <> struct CompileAssert<true> {};
 #define COMPILE_ASSERT(expr, msg) \
-  typedef CompileAssert<(bool(expr))> msg[bool(expr) ? 1 : -1]
+  enum { assert_##msg = sizeof(CompileAssert<bool(expr)>) }
 
 // Returns the number of elements in an array.
 #define arraysize(arr) (sizeof(arr)/sizeof(*(arr)))
diff --git a/src/windows_port.cc b/src/windows_port.cc
index 9ccb630..b5b7194 100644
--- a/src/windows_port.cc
+++ b/src/windows_port.cc
@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@
 
 // These call the windows _vsnprintf, but always NUL-terminate.
 #if !defined(__MINGW32__) && !defined(__MINGW64__)  /* mingw already defines */
+#if !(defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER >= 1900)  /* msvc 2015 already defines */
 
 #ifdef _MSC_VER
 #  pragma warning(push)
@@ -59,8 +60,6 @@
 #  pragma warning(pop)
 #endif
 
-#if _MSC_VER < 1900  // msvs 2015 finally includes snprintf
-
 int snprintf(char *str, size_t size, const char *format, ...) {
   int r;
   va_list ap;
@@ -70,6 +69,5 @@
   return r;
 }
 
-#endif
-
+#endif  /* if !(defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER >= 1900)  */
 #endif  /* #if !defined(__MINGW32__) && !defined(__MINGW64__) */
diff --git a/src/windows_port.h b/src/windows_port.h
index c8ff24f..61cf5b7 100644
--- a/src/windows_port.h
+++ b/src/windows_port.h
@@ -63,12 +63,14 @@
  * name vsnprintf, since windows defines that (but not snprintf (!)).
  */
 #if !defined(__MINGW32__) && !defined(__MINGW64__)  /* mingw already defines */
+#if !(defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER >= 1900)  /* msvc 2015 already defines */
 extern GFLAGS_DLL_DECL int snprintf(char *str, size_t size,
                                        const char *format, ...);
 extern int GFLAGS_DLL_DECL safe_vsnprintf(char *str, size_t size,
                                              const char *format, va_list ap);
 #define vsnprintf(str, size, format, ap)  safe_vsnprintf(str, size, format, ap)
 #define va_copy(dst, src)  (dst) = (src)
+#endif
 #endif  /* #if !defined(__MINGW32__) && !defined(__MINGW64__) */
 
 #ifdef _MSC_VER
@@ -107,10 +109,14 @@
 #define unlink   _unlink
 #endif
 
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER >= 1800
+#include <inttypes.h>
+#else
 #define PRId32  "d"
 #define PRIu32  "u"
 #define PRId64  "I64d"
 #define PRIu64  "I64u"
+#endif
 
 #if !defined(__MINGW32__) && !defined(__MINGW64__)
 #define strtoq   _strtoi64