Make 2020 Localizer to process ImageMatchResult's

This should provide a localizer that can correctly consume the vision
processing results coming from the Pi's. It does not actually start up
this localizer yet, atlhough that should just be a 1-line change in
y2020/control_loops/drivetrain/drivetrain_main.cc.

Change-Id: Iea8aa50774932ebf19d89ca3a3f4b9cd12dfe446
diff --git a/y2020/control_loops/drivetrain/localizer.h b/y2020/control_loops/drivetrain/localizer.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0b79361
--- /dev/null
+++ b/y2020/control_loops/drivetrain/localizer.h
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+#ifndef Y2020_CONTROL_LOOPS_DRIVETRAIN_LOCALIZER_H_
+#define Y2020_CONTROL_LOOPS_DRIVETRAIN_LOCALIZER_H_
+
+#include "aos/containers/ring_buffer.h"
+#include "aos/events/event_loop.h"
+#include "frc971/control_loops/drivetrain/hybrid_ekf.h"
+#include "frc971/control_loops/drivetrain/localizer.h"
+#include "y2020/control_loops/superstructure/superstructure_status_generated.h"
+#include "y2020/vision/sift/sift_generated.h"
+
+namespace y2020 {
+namespace control_loops {
+namespace drivetrain {
+
+// This class handles the localization for the 2020 robot. In order to handle
+// camera updates, we get the ImageMatchResult message from the cameras and then
+// project the result onto the 2-D X/Y plane and use the implied robot
+// position/heading from that as the measurement. This is distinct from 2019,
+// when we used a heading/distance/skew measurement update. This is because
+// updating with x/y/theta directly seems to be better conditioned (even if it
+// may not reflect the measurement noise quite as accurately). The poor
+// conditioning seemed to work in 2019, but due to the addition of a couple of
+// velocity offset states that allow us to use the accelerometer more
+// effectively, things started to become unstable.
+class Localizer : public frc971::control_loops::drivetrain::LocalizerInterface {
+ public:
+  typedef frc971::control_loops::TypedPose<double> Pose;
+  typedef frc971::control_loops::drivetrain::HybridEkf<double> HybridEkf;
+  typedef typename HybridEkf::State State;
+  typedef typename HybridEkf::StateIdx StateIdx;
+  typedef typename HybridEkf::StateSquare StateSquare;
+  typedef typename HybridEkf::Input Input;
+  typedef typename HybridEkf::Output Output;
+  Localizer(aos::EventLoop *event_loop,
+            const frc971::control_loops::drivetrain::DrivetrainConfig<double>
+                &dt_config);
+  State Xhat() const override { return ekf_.X_hat(); }
+  frc971::control_loops::drivetrain::TrivialTargetSelector *target_selector()
+      override {
+    return &target_selector_;
+  }
+
+  void Update(const ::Eigen::Matrix<double, 2, 1> &U,
+              aos::monotonic_clock::time_point now, double left_encoder,
+              double right_encoder, double gyro_rate,
+              const Eigen::Vector3d &accel) override;
+
+  void Reset(aos::monotonic_clock::time_point t, const State &state) {
+    ekf_.ResetInitialState(t, state, ekf_.P());
+  }
+
+  void ResetPosition(aos::monotonic_clock::time_point t, double x, double y,
+                     double theta, double /*theta_override*/,
+                     bool /*reset_theta*/) override {
+    const double left_encoder = ekf_.X_hat(StateIdx::kLeftEncoder);
+    const double right_encoder = ekf_.X_hat(StateIdx::kRightEncoder);
+    ekf_.ResetInitialState(t, (Ekf::State() << x, y, theta, left_encoder, 0,
+                               right_encoder, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0).finished(),
+                           ekf_.P());
+  };
+
+ private:
+  // Storage for a single turret position data point.
+  struct TurretData {
+    aos::monotonic_clock::time_point receive_time =
+        aos::monotonic_clock::min_time;
+    double position = 0.0;  // rad
+    double velocity = 0.0;  // rad/sec
+  };
+
+  // Processes new image data and updates the EKF.
+  void HandleImageMatch(const frc971::vision::sift::ImageMatchResult &result);
+
+  // Processes the most recent turret position and stores it in the turret_data_
+  // buffer.
+  void HandleSuperstructureStatus(
+      const y2020::control_loops::superstructure::Status &status);
+
+  // Retrieves the turret data closest to the provided time.
+  TurretData GetTurretDataForTime(aos::monotonic_clock::time_point time);
+
+  aos::EventLoop *const event_loop_;
+  const frc971::control_loops::drivetrain::DrivetrainConfig<double> dt_config_;
+  HybridEkf ekf_;
+
+  std::vector<aos::Fetcher<frc971::vision::sift::ImageMatchResult>>
+      image_fetchers_;
+
+  // Buffer of recent turret data--this is used so that when we receive a camera
+  // frame from the turret, we can back out what the turret angle was at that
+  // time.
+  aos::RingBuffer<TurretData, 200> turret_data_;
+
+  // Target selector to allow us to satisfy the LocalizerInterface requirements.
+  frc971::control_loops::drivetrain::TrivialTargetSelector target_selector_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace drivetrain
+}  // namespace control_loops
+}  // namespace y2020
+
+#endif  // Y2020_CONTROL_LOOPS_DRIVETRAIN_LOCALIZER_H_