add an implementation of memory transactions + tests

Change-Id: Id901328da7d246268b7af951729acb1fada06836
diff --git a/aos/common/transaction.h b/aos/common/transaction.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e6e9e41
--- /dev/null
+++ b/aos/common/transaction.h
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+#ifndef AOS_COMMON_TRANSACTION_H_
+#define AOS_COMMON_TRANSACTION_H_
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+#include <array>
+
+#include "aos/common/util/compiler_memory_barrier.h"
+#include "aos/common/logging/logging.h"
+
+namespace aos {
+namespace transaction {
+
+// Manages a LIFO stack of Work objects. Designed to help implement transactions
+// by providing a safe way to undo things etc.
+//
+// number_works Work objects are created statically and then Create is called on
+// each as it is added to the stack. When the work should do whatever it does,
+// DoWork() will be called. The work objects get no notification when they are
+// dropped off of the stack.
+//
+// Work::DoWork() must be idempotent because it may get called multiple times if
+// CompleteWork() is interrupted part of the way through.
+//
+// This class handles compiler memory barriers etc to make sure only fully
+// created works are ever invoked, and each work will be fully created by the
+// time AddWork returns. This does not mean it's safe for multiple threads to
+// interact with an instance of this class at the same time.
+template <class Work, int number_works>
+class WorkStack {
+ public:
+  // Calls DoWork() on all the works that have been added and then removes them
+  // all from the stack.
+  void CompleteWork() {
+    int current = stack_index_;
+    while (current > 0) {
+      stack_.at(--current).DoWork();
+    }
+    aos_compiler_memory_barrier();
+    stack_index_ = 0;
+    aos_compiler_memory_barrier();
+  }
+
+  // Drops all works that have been added.
+  void DropWork() {
+    stack_index_ = 0;
+    aos_compiler_memory_barrier();
+  }
+
+  // Returns true if we have any works to complete right now.
+  bool HasWork() const { return stack_index_ != 0; }
+
+  // Forwards all of its arguments to Work::Create, which it calls on the next
+  // work to be added.
+  template <class... A>
+  void AddWork(A &&... a) {
+    if (stack_index_ >= number_works) {
+      LOG(FATAL, "too many works\n");
+    }
+    stack_.at(stack_index_).Create(::std::forward<A>(a)...);
+    aos_compiler_memory_barrier();
+    ++stack_index_;
+    aos_compiler_memory_barrier();
+  }
+
+ private:
+  // The next index into stack_ for a new work to be added.
+  int stack_index_ = 0;
+  ::std::array<Work, number_works> stack_;
+};
+
+// When invoked, sets *pointer to the value it had when this work was Created.
+template <class T>
+class RestoreValueWork {
+ public:
+  void Create(T *pointer) {
+    pointer_ = pointer;
+    value_ = *pointer;
+  }
+  void DoWork() {
+    *pointer_ = value_;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  T *pointer_;
+  T value_;
+};
+
+// Handles the casting necessary to restore any kind of pointer.
+class RestorePointerWork : public RestoreValueWork<void *> {
+ public:
+  template <class T>
+  void Create(T **pointer) {
+    static_assert(sizeof(T *) == sizeof(void *),
+                  "that's a weird pointer");
+    RestoreValueWork<void *>::Create(reinterpret_cast<void **>(pointer));
+  }
+};
+
+}  // namespace transaction
+}  // namespace aos
+
+#endif  // AOS_COMMON_TRANSACTION_H_