Squashed 'third_party/flatbuffers/' changes from acc9990ab..d6a8dbd26

d6a8dbd26 Experimental fix for failing oss-fuzz coverage build (#6259)
ed391e177 BREAKING: Rust flexbuffers serde human readable set to false (#6257)
a49531414 Update to flags in fuzzing-cmake file (#6256)
de1f0342c Remove _POSIX_C_SOURCE and _XOPEN_SOURCE definitions when compiling o… (#6205)
d0d51e2a5 flatc should support --binary --schema with optional scalar fields. (#6252)
33ab26017 Bump version of rules_go to 0.24.5 (#6234)
febb9d87c Union As Accessors for C# (#6251)
8778dc7c2 Resets buffer without deallocating current pointer (#6247)
aae376e9a Add GetBufferSpan() function to bufferbuilder (#6235)
0ff047148 Modernize android build and sample (#6229)
46a8c7e95 Added required-nested-flatbuffer to monster_test and fixed rust (#6236)
bc56c553e Notify based on Labelling issues and PR (#6241)
07d7cd78a Converted globs to use single quotes (#6240)
cdef70e24 More adjustments to the auto labeler (#6239)
9dd44df35 Updated Lua labeller glob (#6238)
c9b29d088 Support size-prefixed buffers and add tests for size-prefixed messages (#6232)
fba93e0ab Removes duplicate swift in labeler (#6228)
d1a545b1f Added more labels for auto labeler (#6227)
ea92a668d [C#] Optional Scalars (#6217)
6034de286 [Label Bot] Add Java and Kotlin support for the label bot (#6226)
b08b0a440 Implement `Debug` trait for Rust flatbuffers. (#6207)
17ae48dec [Label Bot] Adds some languages to labeler bot (#6222)
fc8097925 Auto Labeler Setup, Just C# for now (#6221)
55658f523 Auto Labeler Setup, Just C# for now (#6218)
14ecfe423 Updated comments and fixed a fundamental type error. (#6214)
a0182cdb1 optional scalars for ts/js (#6215)
0dfcc0a37 Adds NetTest.bat to run .NET Core tests on Windows (#6216)
f9a18ea63 [Java] Implement optional scalars (#6212)
c7586e85a Empties the sharedString map on reset on go and csharp (#6187)
914c64601 Removed C# references from java generator. Move annotations closer to definitions (#6204)
42d7c7997 Adds readable size to asserts in read functions (#6210)
e68e8d7de Refactor idl_gen_rust (#6206)
84809be7e Fix typo in flatbuffers::span declaration. (#6202)
1606fb637 Kotlin test optional enum (#6201)
fe8e3c7e5 Mass Refactoring to use `IsString` and other BASE_TYPE helpers (#6193)
8f6fa4b71 Updated SupportsAdvancedUnionFeatures to look out for string (#6190)
b46db38f5 [JS/TS] Rewrite flexbuffers JS to TS (#6148)
9fa1d2705 Rework enums in rust. (#6098)
a402b3aba idl_gen_json_schema Fix generation of arrays of enums (#6184)
0e1415b99 fix(go_test): remove deprecated grpc call (#6183)
5cd713710 Add generation of JSON Schema to library (#6165)
5be777e1d Bump junit from 4.12 to 4.13.1 in /grpc/tests (#6173)
a49d440ec Bump junit from 4.12 to 4.13.1 in /grpc (#6172)
4ec5e8db9 [C++] Add option to not generate direct copy methods. (#6166)
04bec23a3 Add Array initialization from struct constructor (#5865) (#6147)
77d57fd07 Cast to right type for reserved_ subtraction (#6167)
543c1bbeb Fixed rust nested flatbuffers for tables other than self (#6062)
cb971eece [C++] Fix -Wnarrowing and -Woverflow due to signed bitfields on G++ ARM (#6163)
7b9e61fcc [TS] GRPC  Implementation (#6141)
3359e3042 Moved C++ to optional_scalars2 and added some tests. (#6162)
187a4787f [Rust] Upgrade flatbuffers library to 2018 edition (#6159)
08943aa26 Flatbuffer C++ UnpackTo optimization for vectors of non-bool bytes. (#6154)
5975658eb Enables optional enums in swift (#6160)
5d3cf440e Updated Lobster test for optional bools/enums
8ec8322f0 Ruopt enum (#6156)
bbcc85fd4 Fix generation of C++ code with Optional<Enum> (#6155)
0bdf2fa15 [C#] Fix and improve project files (#6142)
2eedc769d possibility to create a vector from an iterator (#6135)
ab01ae162 flatc should output a warning, when an attribute is attached more than once (#6146)
689bfafa7 [Python/JS/TS] Codegen SizeOf method for structs (#6136)
641309a5b unix2dos on tests/FlatBuffers.Test/FlatBuffers.Core.Test.csproj (#6133)
52e362879 SpanT is available in .Net Standard 2.0. (#6137)
dca12522a Add static cast to avoid implicit double promotion. (#6132)
e0bbaa6f9 [C#]Change to ENABLE_SPAN_T that doesn't require UNSAFE_BYTEBUFFER. (#6073)
ab139d6be Revert "[C#] Fix and improve project files (#6116)" (#6130)
34d67b425 Minireflect fixed array (#6129)
96d5e3597 [JS/TS] fix flatbuffers default export (#6123)
eb686a86f Add missed file generated by optional_scalar.fbs (#6125)
750281630 [C#] Fix and improve project files (#6116)
fb4e1c34f Add CharToLower and CharToUpper into util.s (#6126)
8c67b5b12 Add support of Optional<T> scalars to C++ code generator (#6092)
6228b66d3 [Kotlin] Support for optional scalars. (#6115)
e1be8aaad Bump version for latest swift version (#6121)
94873e595 [JS/TS] Modernize TypeScript / JavaScript flatbuffers support (#6095)
b8e87fafe [JS] Add getFullyQualifiedName() (#6119)
f96d1ef74 [Java] allowing larger buffer sizes when growing a byte buffer (#6118)
89435303b [Swift] Migrates struct write APIS to write directly to the buffer (#6093)
c75ae2429 Optional-ness in reflection (#6097)
338944d3d Rename Nullable scalars to Optional scalars (#6112)
f5ab24bc4 Avoid memcpy call for empty vectors (#6111)
92a8c1a0f [JS] FlexBuffers Fix for wrong type of offset and length values (#6107)
6cea45dcd fix c# json serializer commandline argument docs (#6104)
fec58aa12 Fix for issue 6100: incorrect shrinking logic in ResizeContext() (#6102)
71aca81ff [JS] FlexBuffers Support (#5973)
04d87ffec [C++] Small refactoring of the C++ code generator (#6091)
bb25956f0 Wrap verify file id condition in Check call (#6085)
49f4948f0 + Add `removable-media` plug to the snapcraft config (#6083)
eeacc53d2 Adds proper access types for swift object api & flatbuffers & grpc (#6081)
f3003e08d [Lobster] missed a test
d713a0084 [CMake] enabled multi-core builds in VS projects
77f966f89 [Lobster] optional scalars support
e86d5b8e9 [Kotlin] Attach JvmStatic annotation to each method in companion object (#6052)
db2aa9b4e [C#] Cleaned up .NET testing script for Mono (#6016)
63cc0eec4 Adds a serialize helper function to native table (#6059)
c30a87de6 [TS] Fix four bugs with imported types in TypeScript. (#6054)
a0fb30575 [Swift] Append namespace for Swift Grpc implementation (#6049)
77c18c1d6 export a __version__ variable for python module (#5309)
f1f23d08e adding fb import when no other imports are present (#6030)
f1025b284 [Feature] Checks for Nullable strings (#6050)
5d052f4e5 [Swift] RFC: Switch Swift namespace from public enum to ordinary concat with _ (#6045)
18b015d25 Rust codegen improvements and lint fixes (#6046)
d76e93f27 adds code gen for optional scalars in swift (#6038)
82fac326c [C++] Fix compiler error from deleted assignment operator (#6036) (#6047)
043b52bd4 Optional Scalars support for Rust (#6034)
c8fa0afdf Allow to run cpp tests under grpc/tests/ using bazel. (#6040)
6d0aae73c Fix git command executed in wrong folder when doing cmake superbuild (#6039)
ff1b73128 [Swift] Optional Scalars Preparation (#6028)
2e48c8dd3 tests: Check for both quiet and signaling NaN on mipsel/hppa (#6029)
6942704f2 support deprecated flag in json schema (#6022)
9ecd2e16c Flatc parser support for nullable scalars (#6026)
33e2d8079 [Dart] Generate constant values map for enums (#6025)
969d0f7a6 Using proper symbol name for reexport (#6021)
515a4052a Silence false positive "-Wstringop-overflow" on GCC 10.0 to 11.0 (#6020)
36fbe6f13 Updated FB import (#6019)
b69fc8cc9 [Java] Add support for shared strings on FlatBufferBuilder. (#6012)
ab6af18d9 Not using non-existent create method for obj api (#6015)
37a5dee10 Code cleanup + updates test and readme (#6004)
8a721f69a Serde with bytes maps to Blob (#6009)
e810635ea [Swift] FlatBuffers createMonster method doesn't treat struct properly (#5992)
4995e1527 Manage grpc dependency in Bazel's WORKSPACE file. (#5995)
60b6066fe Add warning to schema parser if field name is not snake_case. (#6005)
35d45cac7 [Rust] Flexbuffers dependency cleanup and fixes (#5998)
165a6e3d1 Re-added Evolution Schema Code Generation Command (#5999)
13d3fb2ea Fix RPM install conflict (#6003)
d64078eb2 [Swift] Initialize memory when clear ByteBuffer (#5982)
ca1190a3d [TS] Use proper TypedArray in create*Vector (#5991)
7571b2ac5 [C++] Updates real_path to be truly portable (#5787)
e5a8f76a4 [C++] Generate default member initializers for >= C++11 (#5989)
413bb9b55 [Kotlin] Fix Access to union of vector element (#5994)
f35184aef [Swift] Add parsing from unowned UnsafeMutableRawPointer for ByteBuffer (#5981)
b124b7625 Removed requirement that enums be declared in ascending order. (#5887)
0ec7600c6 Do not remove the last digit from float values (#5974)
14baf45c9 Mark GetBufferMinAlignment() const (#5985)
9abb2ec2c TypeScript/JavaScript docs improvements (#5984)
2e57d80b1 [Swift] Internal library improvements (#5965)
cfc7753a4 [Doc] Added missing letters to compiler options (#5976)
12ddc8a92 Rust Flexbuffers Documentation update (#5979)
24ad35709 [docs] typo: updates monsterdata.json to be valid json (#5978)
cc44a4442 [idl_parser] Mark typefield as deprecated (#5958)
9ab4a5c0e Deleted old stale bot
6682cfe87 Increased Operations per run in stale.yml
64922904b Adding Stale Action to clean up PR and Issues
8e505cb67 [C++] Fixed/Enabled --cpp-ptr-type std::shared_ptr [#5813] (#5959)
a28357d7a Propagate boolean default values from proto to fbs (#5964)
7cb4762a6 [Swift] Improving reallocation time by using memcpy and moving reallocation code to storage (#5960)
4e45f7c9e Fix error in SimpleQSort (#5955)
7ac026405 fix error on GRPC Python - ignore namespace tree if not specified (#5862) (#5922)
108e981db Required is now implemented in swift (#5952)
94a78e385 Fixed: Access violation and ASAN/UNSAN failures with sorted tables
53fb453e0 [rust] Add FlatBufferBuilder::force_defaults API (#5946)
17c1f35fa [FlexBuffer][Java] ReadWriteBuf and ReadBuf interface public (#5948)
2eaf57778 [Java] Grow ArrayReadWriteBuf enough to match requested capacity. (#5921)
666800da3 Adds bool support in structs + updates grpc support + CI upgrades (#5943)
38ed69eb3 fixed mutating inline values (#5942)
d026e6f07 Add static asserts to ensure that reflection API arrays are kept in sync (#5934)
988164f6e [C++] Got rid of memset's in constructors (#5938)
7179a5a8b General Codebase clean up (#5939)
a0da0c08c Add GetStringView like GetString, GetCstring (#5937)
ac203b209 [C#] Add file identifier to ObjectAPI Serialization Utility. (#5920)
8dd1bf25b not creating creation methods when using structs (#5919)
5aa443d98 [Dart] Adding FlexBuffers support (#5853)
0fa087657 [Dart] Getting tests/DartTest.sh to work on master. (#5915)
424a473e1 Schema parser: prohibit declaration of an array of pointers inside structs (#5907)
c3faa8346 Fix Cargo.toml dependencies (#5911)
91399ad05 fix union type names (#5902)
32782e4ad Update Rust Flexbuffers metadata before publishing (#5905)
e7f3b1690 [TS] Make Obj-API work with --short-names (#5898)
12ed1fe4a fixed invalid imports with --gen-all (#5895)
85ee4df7a [C#] Thread safe reads of Double and Float values from a ByteBuffer (#5900)
de89bd193 Implement flexbuffers in python (#5880)
8be05f6bd Rust Flexbuffers (#5669)
870ecbc09 [swift] Moves code to use VTablesStorage (#5888)
c2da8d5d8 [Java][FlexBuffers] Make FlexBuffersBuilder reusable by adding clear() (#5889) (#5890)
e84cbff67 Align package name to FindFlatBuffers.cmake (#5899)
f94e6c84e Small tutorial improvements - documentation only (#5894)
f12cca8bc Attempt at adding Github Actions CI
7e4124d6e Handle git program or .git folder absence (#5878)
a875d247a only add native_include_files if object based api is enabled (#5886)
6e9f5d981 Respect shared attribute in Parser (#5885)
ff1c78233 include/flatbuffers: typo fixes in comments (#5884)
2e9a19673 Updates swift docs for package management (#5883)
e3cb07d32 [Rust] idl_gen_rust.cpp: (Option/required-aware codegen for unions) (#5850)
712866d57 Propagate use_string_pooling in CopyTable (#5879)
44c919a9e Not using reexports with --gen-all (#5873)
99aa1ef21 Added INCLUDE_PREFIX option for flatbuffers_generate_headers (#5866)
40ba170c9 Fixed text in internals doc that implied structs can be root
cb4d0f72e [Swift] Object API support  (#5826)
003e16405 [TS] Add Obj API (#5788)
21cf300f4 fix cpp usage markdown error (#5845)
9655e12d6 Upgraded swift implementation for grpc (#5843)
fb96fadc2 [C#] Fix nested structs and arrays in Object API (#5765)
408f11fbd [ts] Fix empty source/dest namespaces when reexporting. (#5841)
a83caf591 Improves performance for the swift library by using structs + a storage class (#5835)
925fab6b1 [Java][FlexBuffers] Optimize Map access (#5735)
d9fecc332 [CMake] : Add precompiled header support with FLATBUFFERS_ENABLE_PCH (#5827)
e9d453240 Added flatbuffers_generate_headers and flatbuffers_generate_binary_files cmake functions. (#5830)
c37c989ed Correct calculation of vector element size (#5831)
6b271b7ec Fix Clang-trunk warnings about special members deprecated in C++20. (#5829)
90f3b8e8c Fix `float_constant` definition in './doc/Grammar.md` (#5828)
3af735934 [csharp] flatc should generate a 'Create…' method for tables with struct field… (#5818)
c4231c3cb Updated doxyfile - added missing files (#5824)
9657df184 Update Grammar.md (#5820)
97ffc590e Include CPack only when explictly packaging (#5817)
8b52af65b [C++] Add max_depth and max_tables parameters to reflection::Verify (#5815)
9b034eee1 Fix interpretation of 'nan(number)' by the idl_parser (#5810)
3e9ac3cff [Scripts] Adds swift to generated code (#5806)
697147a2e updated maven build files
6df40a247 pre-tag version bump for 1.12
0dba63909 Removes the inner loop in the endtable check written tables (#5803)
0e3fdd0ee Escape characters in jsonschema descriptions (#5644)
45a2b07cb Remove `noexcept` qualifier copy-ctor of `union` type (#5800) (#5802)
d10c16314 Replace 'assert' by 'FLATBUFFERS_ASSERT' inside idl_parser.cpp (#5799)
35abb7f89 Add non-nullable modifier to return type of functions never returning null (#5797)
9954e09ab [C++] Generate code for vector force_align attribute. (#5796)
95a21327f rust: pub export the VectorIter type (#5736)
89b6183ee Fix Python min alignment
5a98d65e8 [Rust] Add gen-name-strings for Rust (#5757)
f73d205bc Removed assert that wasn't backwards compatible.
7c37abe92 [C#] add ObjectAPI Serialization Utility (#5785)
4749e77b0 Fixed docs on how to obtain parser error.
6ff189841 Added --filename-suffix and --filename-ext to flatc (#5778)
c9a30c9ca Fixed refractoring issue in reflection/generate_code.sh. Also, mv deletes the original file, so I don't need to clean it up manually in that case. (#5777)
8c02d17be Skip writing reflection_generated.h if not changed (#5776)
34305c4ce [Swift] Adds GRPC to Swift (#5758)
cd88e6b2a [Java][FlexBuffers] Abstract buffer access from ByteBuffer (#5743)
3ec7a53c6 Adds cocoapods and a readme of how to get the package (#5771)
6d44cede7 [snap] Fix versioning (#5727)
cc08c0835 [Python] Fixed potential allignment issue (#5768)
54f8b787c Fix memory leak on cpp object api (#5761)
17557f913 [Python] Fixed issue #5499 (#5764)
d54af8cd4 [C++] Use strong enum type for vectors when scoped-enums is on. (#5750)
173e10fdf [C#] support Json Serialization (#5752)
8f56990f6 FlexBuffers: C++: scalar-only typed vectors were not aligned.
6400c9b05 Bump Rust port to 0.6.1 (#5747)
7418d8587 [C#] support Object API (#5710)
c580fa284 Adds min and max, comments, and all of swift's keywords + fix docs (#5737)
f2a127230 Use VS 2017 and 2019 on CI, fix cast issue in dart_idl (#5740)
316d7c208 Creates a flatbuffers validation function + small fix (#5725)
47026ea6b Added the code to embed the binary schema to the source (--bfbs-gen-embed). (#5701)
3f677f241 [Java][FlexBuffers] Deprecate typed vector strings due to design flaw (#5722)
a593a11e5 [Go] Implements a SharedStrings function (#5733)
7cdfc8475 [Swift] Fix padding function overflow when bufSize is 0 (#5721)
bab2b0db4 Add vcpkg installation instructions (#5732)
89418eb84 [Dart] Fix deprecated field support, inf/nan (#5724)
9cadf05d8 [typescript] Size-prefixed root accessors not taking into account size prefix (#5717)
6da1cf79d [rust] Add use declarations to Rust-generated bindings for imported FB definitions (#5645)
bee1df96d [Go] Replace references to hardcoded ”Monster" etc with idiomatic go wherever possible (#5716)
01189d7ed [C++] Fix for printing of enum in case output_enum_identifiers=1. (#5706)
c4b2b0a25 [Swift] Support create long string (#5709)
a4b2884e4 Added create function for swift (#5707)
04d80f255 [Swift] Swift implementation 🎉🎉 (#5603)
55686100a Changed direct calls to strtod to use StringToNumber
718351831 Document JSON compatibility guarantees. (#5704)
d1b34f0f2 Add CMake 'generated_code' target to simplify resolution of build dependencies (#5697)
21b706196 (Optionally) add an additional suffix namespace to generated fbs files. (#5698)
35daaf83d [Java] Replace Table.UTF8_CHARSET with StandardCharsets.UTF_8 (#5696)
3b458f7a1 Rust: Temporarily disable 2 endianness unit tests (#5695)
a5d9d0f7d [C++17] Add Traits class for Tables and Factory function within it. (#5678)
3cd9b6434 Removed code_generators.cpp from library targets
355dfd48d [rust] Make enum names public (#5690)
bcd58a159 Correct inverted logic around include prefixes. (#5689)
a2c12900a Optimize Pack method using numpy (#5662)
901b89e73 [C++] Add Builder and Table typedefs (#5685)
31f879908 Minor doc updates: FlexBuffers C#, Discord, CppUsage.
8023d99e2 Upgrade rules_go (#5684)
b4154405d Fix --incompatible_load_cc_rules_from_bzl (#5683)
04c17c7a7 Add support for absl::string_view when available (#5682)
62ec7d52c [Bazel] Add support for compatible_with and restricted_to (#5681)
7de668053 CI: New Docker tests for Python with numpy (#5677)
3a70e0b30 Fixed struct initialization error on older versions of C#
9b1320135 Fixed warnings in FlexBuffers.java
5e3916050 Fixed out of date licenses on gRPC Python files.
c95755051 Removed test proto output.
44bf71988 Add flatc '--cpp_std' switch (#5656)
3e8f15df9 Fix for FlexBuffers FBT_VECTOR_STRING size bit-width.
602721a73 Added Check to VerifyAlignment (#5675)
13c05f4da Improve import handling for proto conversion (#5673)
ce3a1c43a [Dart] Fix prepare space for writeListInt64 and writeListUint64 (#5654)
aa75e5734 Make Rust constants public (#5659)
2790fee25 Add namespace qualification to union types (#5666)
eddebec1b Bugfix for Rust generation of union fields named with language keywords (#5592)
030fee36a wrap multiple statements in do {} while(!IsConstTrue(true)) (#5655)
f9724d1bd [gRPC] Uncomment MessageBuilder (#5658)
b20801ca4 Supress unsigned-integer-overflow for PaddingBytes (#5647)
a8e800bd7 Add --force-empty-vectors option (#5653)
d7530ae96 Fixed enum min/max values not properly escaped.
99d11e279 Split Bazel targets into multiple packages (#5640)
4fd8eb214 Remove a static_assert (#5643)
65f870357 Flatbuffers Python Object API (#5616)
75823cc27 [Clang 10]: definition of implicit copy constructor for 'TableKeyComparatoris deprecated #5649 (#5650)
58e279244 [docs]: add missing semicolon (#5648)
3c964e10a [GO] Fix support for enums with underscores and Unions with imported members (#5600)
c3c32ec94 Fix ambiguity of a type deduction in TEST_EQ macro if arguments have `enum class` type. (#5630)
075e8d676 Simplify declarations of x-macro FLATBUFFERS_TD (#5638)
bcf1bd5c9 read vtable size through ReadScalar() (#5636)
136d75fa6 Changed null checks in test. Removed verifier pointer usage (#5634)
091fa1fd1 Add testing of C++ with sanitizers (CI-Docker) (#5631)
ff3781dc2 add namespace prefix in FLATBUFFERS_MAX_BUFFER_SIZE (#5629)
6beb9f49c Support for python grpc - continuing the work from the pull request #4270 #4705 (#5613)
80988ea86 Removed idl_gen_general.cpp and move contents to code_generators.cpp (#5625)
0f2ff7eaa Lua cleanup (#5624)
dda095023 [C++] Adds basic schema evolution tests (#5611)
adbcbba5d [C++, C#, Java] Separated C# and Java generators into their own classes (#5618)
cbbd6aca0 add check for root_type specified for json schema generation (#5622)
405c64e07 [Rust] Bump smallvec version to 1.0 (#5621)
42c08cbca Ran src/clang-format-all.sh (#5617)
33d5dd9bd Improved pull request & clang-format instructions.
105dd528e Change monster_extra generation to use flatbuffers::unique_ptr (#5612)
f0f0efe7b [C++] Refactor to conform to Google C++ style guide (#5608)
e837d5a29 Fixed deprecated method in GRPC Java test.
9834ee978 Fixed Apache license not using canonical version.
44b2ab087 include/flatbuffers/base.h: fix no_sanitize issue with old clang (#5610)
46ae3f80a [C++, Java, C#, TypeScript, JavaScript] Skip generation of mutable union types (#5599)
7b38aa71e flatbuffers.h: fix documentation warning (#5607)
661bedd83 Add Lua FlatbufferBuilder Clean() method to enable reuseable builders (#5606)
8526e12d7 [Kotlin] Fix union vector accessor after change in Java API (#5605)
3c7b660d6 [flatc] Remove an always true condition for flexbuffers (#5604)
964365ba6 [Go] Add UnPackTo functions (#5598)
32254b7ac [Go] Object API support (#5339)
521e255ad Rust: Add idiomatic iterator for Vector type (#5579)
1b85292fd Fix typos in comments (#5590)
480815447 C++ verifier for evolved union fields should return true (#5586)
8d5e424c6 Add ByteBuffer copy for vector of bytes in Java (#5587)
b4774d235 Rust: Fix Copy and Clone impls for a few generic types (#5577)
26f238c24 Add `--clean-first` to the cmake-build command (travis) (#5574)
e93c8c46e Fix Follow implementation for bool (#5554)
e21516b9d Fix issue #5557 (#5573)
fbc11e8ae Avoid intentional unsigned integer overflow getting caught by sanitizers (#5572)
e9d29c21a Python: Add forceDefaults opt to python Builder (#5564)
8bfafc76d Java: Don't annotate vector-of-tables item getters with @nullable. (#5562)
df3e8bf4a Fixed warnings generated by recent JSON sorting feature.
5665cfe49 [Java] byte buffer factory returned buffer capcity is used instead of the requested size (#5558)
5797540ed #5544 Fix of Array of table is not sorted if Create<type>Direct() is used (#5546)
7f1af7cb0 Fix build with gcc version 7.4.0 (#5570)
32f47ad24 Fixed JSON parser not sorting vectors of tables/structs with key.
842f672ba [FlexBuffers][Java] Cache size of Sized objects in FlexBuffers (#5551)
d4cae0a62 Fix issue #5542 (#5543)
f1147f65b Fixed Android STLPort related error.
69d3fec48 Fix namespaced struct/field name collision detection (#5540) (#5545)
cfb4ecf6f [flac] Add FlexBuffers option for generating data (#5519)
a92039687 Update Rust versions under test from 1.30.1 to 1.37.0 (#5538)
625338d09 Adds XOPEN_SOURCE for PATH_MAX and POSIX 1993 for stat (#5529)
3f8ce99c5 [FlexBuffers][Java] Add override Key::toString (#5533)
0798b7b69 [FlexBuffers][Java] Fix wrong access to a string using Reference::asString(). (#5532)
cbdf82e2f Fix Mutate() methods of Array<scalar/struct> (override 5508) (#5526)
e365c502f Java: Added access object for vector of struct and vector of tables. (#5233)
97f3aa917 Fixed DetachedBuffer self move assignment (#5521)
2f5bb2eec Fix buildifier warnings found in new bazel (#5517)
917687c7a Fixed Reflection Verifier not handling vectors of unions.
f9277e691 Fixed GenerateText not handling vectors of unions.
2706381ee Add element size parameter to __vector_as_arraysegment [c#] (#5512)
b5560fcd5 [Java][FlexBuffers] Improve documentation for FlexBuffers in Java. (#5506)
782b865c5 Annotate getters with @Pure when --java-checkerframework is specified. (#5510)
3bfc86eaf [Dart]fix: segment fault with empty namespace when generating dart file (#5507)
c0282873f Rust: Fixed cargo clippy on non-generated code (#5485)
4b870aca9 [Javascript] Fix syntax error for signed enum (#5503)
d0e3870c0 [C#] Fix retrieving enumeration vectors as arrays (#5457)
fb25eb87f Doc typo fixes (#5505)
cb35d3a0e Use all of the available space in the buffer returned by ByteBufferFactory to allow the factory to keep a pool of larger than initialsize sized buffers. (#5500)
8e6cabb31 [FlexBuffers][Java] Implementation of FlexBuffers API (#5476)
bd31dd242 Clarified value reuse in FlexBuffers
65b67d213 Fixed test build invocation of arrays_test.fbs
1fbb71132 FlexBuffers: allow any values to be shared.
cd75a3658 Android: remove app_dummy() calls
ec6b0bf29 Fixed STLPort Android compile error
c11b5d744 [bugfix]flexbuffers isvector bugfix (#5488)
4525c91be Fix incorrect padding in arrays of structs (Issue #5484) (#5491)
b97b342f5 Fixed missing generated code.
c1058a903 C++ IDL generation adds superfluous semicolon in GenTablePost, causing (#5483)
303044934 [go]add Name() for ForceCodec  interface (#5486)
a2485d4ec reflection: check for valid union enum value during object verification (#5475)
a20e71ac9 has_method support for primitive fields in java runtime. Changed: idl.h, FlatBufferBuilder.java ,  idl_gen_general.cpp, idl_parser.cpp, flatc.cpp (#5468)

Change-Id: I836f4b43e6818bb16425a87899e6234ac86242aa
git-subtree-dir: third_party/flatbuffers
git-subtree-split: d6a8dbd26ff08a8868e0d0c1b4b67d31b40e4a7f
diff --git a/dart/lib/flat_buffers.dart b/dart/lib/flat_buffers.dart
index e251260..3d4cf81 100644
--- a/dart/lib/flat_buffers.dart
+++ b/dart/lib/flat_buffers.dart
@@ -492,7 +492,7 @@
   /// Write the given list of 64-bit float [values].
   int writeListFloat64(List<double> values) {
     _ensureNoVTable();
-    _prepare(4, 1 + (2 * values.length));
+    _prepare(_sizeofFloat64, values.length, additionalBytes: _sizeofUint32);
     final int result = _tail;
     int tail = _tail;
     _setUint32AtTail(_buf, tail, values.length);
@@ -522,7 +522,7 @@
   /// Write the given list of signed 64-bit integer [values].
   int writeListInt64(List<int> values) {
     _ensureNoVTable();
-    _prepare(_sizeofUint32, 2 * values.length);
+    _prepare(_sizeofInt64, values.length, additionalBytes: _sizeofUint32);
     final int result = _tail;
     int tail = _tail;
     _setUint32AtTail(_buf, tail, values.length);
@@ -537,7 +537,7 @@
   /// Write the given list of signed 64-bit integer [values].
   int writeListUint64(List<int> values) {
     _ensureNoVTable();
-    _prepare(_sizeofUint32, 2 * values.length);
+    _prepare(_sizeofUint64, values.length, additionalBytes: _sizeofUint32);
     final int result = _tail;
     int tail = _tail;
     _setUint32AtTail(_buf, tail, values.length);
diff --git a/dart/lib/flex_buffers.dart b/dart/lib/flex_buffers.dart
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..824afff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dart/lib/flex_buffers.dart
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+export 'src/builder.dart';
+export 'src/reference.dart';
diff --git a/dart/lib/src/builder.dart b/dart/lib/src/builder.dart
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5ce46dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dart/lib/src/builder.dart
@@ -0,0 +1,666 @@
+import 'dart:convert';
+import 'dart:typed_data';
+
+import 'types.dart';
+
+/// The main builder class for creation of a FlexBuffer.
+class Builder {
+  ByteData _buffer;
+  List<_StackValue> _stack;
+  List<_StackPointer> _stackPointers;
+  int _offset;
+  bool _finished;
+  Map<String, _StackValue> _stringCache;
+  Map<String, _StackValue> _keyCache;
+  Map<_KeysHash, _StackValue> _keyVectorCache;
+  Map<int, _StackValue> _indirectIntCache;
+  Map<double, _StackValue> _indirectDoubleCache;
+
+  /// Instantiate the builder if you intent to gradually build up the buffer by calling
+  /// add... methods and calling [finish] to receive the the resulting byte array.
+  ///
+  /// The default size of internal buffer is set to 2048. Provide a different value in order to avoid buffer copies.
+  Builder({int size = 2048}) {
+    _buffer = ByteData(size);
+    _stack = [];
+    _stackPointers = [];
+    _offset = 0;
+    _finished = false;
+    _stringCache = {};
+    _keyCache = {};
+    _keyVectorCache = {};
+    _indirectIntCache = {};
+    _indirectDoubleCache = {};
+  }
+
+  /// Use this method in order to turn an object into a FlexBuffer directly.
+  ///
+  /// Use the manual instantiation of the [Builder] and gradual addition of values, if performance is more important than convenience.
+  static ByteBuffer buildFromObject(Object value) {
+    final builder = Builder();
+    builder._add(value);
+    final buffer = builder.finish();
+    final byteData = ByteData(buffer.lengthInBytes);
+    byteData.buffer.asUint8List().setAll(0, buffer);
+    return byteData.buffer;
+  }
+
+  void _add(Object value) {
+    if (value == null) {
+      addNull();
+    } else if (value is bool) {
+      addBool(value);
+    } else if (value is int) {
+      addInt(value);
+    } else if (value is double) {
+      addDouble(value);
+    } else if (value is ByteBuffer) {
+      addBlob(value);
+    } else if (value is String) {
+      addString(value);
+    } else if (value is List<dynamic>) {
+      startVector();
+      for (var i = 0; i < value.length; i++) {
+        _add(value[i]);
+      }
+      end();
+    } else if (value is Map<String, dynamic>) {
+      startMap();
+      value.forEach((key, value) {
+        addKey(key);
+        _add(value);
+      });
+      end();
+    } else {
+      throw UnsupportedError('Value of unexpected type: $value');
+    }
+  }
+
+  /// Use this method if you want to store a null value.
+  ///
+  /// Specifically useful when building up a vector where values can be null.
+  void addNull() {
+    _integrityCheckOnValueAddition();
+    _stack.add(_StackValue.WithNull());
+  }
+
+  /// Adds a string value.
+  void addInt(int value) {
+    _integrityCheckOnValueAddition();
+    _stack.add(_StackValue.WithInt(value));
+  }
+
+  /// Adds a bool value.
+  void addBool(bool value) {
+    _integrityCheckOnValueAddition();
+    _stack.add(_StackValue.WithBool(value));
+  }
+
+  /// Adds a double value.
+  void addDouble(double value) {
+    _integrityCheckOnValueAddition();
+    _stack.add(_StackValue.WithDouble(value));
+  }
+
+  /// Adds a string value.
+  void addString(String value) {
+    _integrityCheckOnValueAddition();
+    if (_stringCache.containsKey(value)) {
+      _stack.add(_stringCache[value]);
+      return;
+    }
+    final utf8String = utf8.encode(value);
+    final length = utf8String.length;
+    final bitWidth = BitWidthUtil.uwidth(length);
+    final byteWidth = _align(bitWidth);
+    _writeUInt(length, byteWidth);
+    final stringOffset = _offset;
+    final newOffset = _newOffset(length + 1);
+    _pushBuffer(utf8String);
+    _offset = newOffset;
+    final stackValue = _StackValue.WithOffset(stringOffset, ValueType.String, bitWidth);
+    _stack.add(stackValue);
+    _stringCache[value] = stackValue;
+  }
+
+  /// This methods adds a key to a map and should be followed by an add... value call.
+  ///
+  /// It also implies that you call this method only after you called [startMap].
+  void addKey(String value) {
+    _integrityCheckOnKeyAddition();
+    if (_keyCache.containsKey(value)) {
+      _stack.add(_keyCache[value]);
+      return;
+    }
+    final utf8String = utf8.encode(value);
+    final length = utf8String.length;
+    final keyOffset = _offset;
+    final newOffset = _newOffset(length + 1);
+    _pushBuffer(utf8String);
+    _offset = newOffset;
+    final stackValue = _StackValue.WithOffset(keyOffset, ValueType.Key, BitWidth.width8);
+    _stack.add(stackValue);
+    _keyCache[value] = stackValue;
+  }
+
+  /// Adds a byte array.
+  ///
+  /// This method can be used to store any generic BLOB.
+  void addBlob(ByteBuffer value) {
+    _integrityCheckOnValueAddition();
+    final length = value.lengthInBytes;
+    final bitWidth = BitWidthUtil.uwidth(length);
+    final byteWidth = _align(bitWidth);
+    _writeUInt(length, byteWidth);
+    final blobOffset = _offset;
+    final newOffset = _newOffset(length);
+    _pushBuffer(value.asUint8List());
+    _offset = newOffset;
+    final stackValue = _StackValue.WithOffset(blobOffset, ValueType.Blob, bitWidth);
+    _stack.add(stackValue);
+  }
+
+  /// Stores int value indirectly in the buffer.
+  ///
+  /// Adding large integer values indirectly might be beneficial if those values suppose to be store in a vector together with small integer values.
+  /// This is due to the fact that FlexBuffers will add padding to small integer values, if they are stored together with large integer values.
+  /// When we add integer indirectly the vector of ints will contain not the value itself, but only the relative offset to the value.
+  /// By setting the [cache] parameter to true, you make sure that the builder tracks added int value and performs deduplication.
+  void addIntIndirectly(int value, {bool cache = false}) {
+    _integrityCheckOnValueAddition();
+    if (_indirectIntCache.containsKey(value)) {
+      _stack.add(_indirectIntCache[value]);
+      return;
+    }
+    final stackValue = _StackValue.WithInt(value);
+    final byteWidth = _align(stackValue.width);
+    final newOffset = _newOffset(byteWidth);
+    final valueOffset = _offset;
+    _pushBuffer(stackValue.asU8List(stackValue.width));
+    final stackOffset = _StackValue.WithOffset(valueOffset, ValueType.IndirectInt, stackValue.width);
+    _stack.add(stackOffset);
+    _offset = newOffset;
+    if (cache) {
+      _indirectIntCache[value] = stackOffset;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /// Stores double value indirectly in the buffer.
+  ///
+  /// Double are stored as 8 or 4 byte values in FlexBuffers. If they are stored in a mixed vector, values which are smaller than 4 / 8 bytes will be padded.
+  /// When we add double indirectly, the vector will contain not the value itself, but only the relative offset to the value. Which could occupy only 1 or 2 bytes, reducing the odds for unnecessary padding.
+  /// By setting the [cache] parameter to true, you make sure that the builder tracks already added double value and performs deduplication.
+  void addDoubleIndirectly(double value, {bool cache = false}) {
+    _integrityCheckOnValueAddition();
+    if (cache && _indirectDoubleCache.containsKey(value)) {
+      _stack.add(_indirectDoubleCache[value]);
+      return;
+    }
+    final stackValue = _StackValue.WithDouble(value);
+    final byteWidth = _align(stackValue.width);
+    final newOffset = _newOffset(byteWidth);
+    final valueOffset = _offset;
+    _pushBuffer(stackValue.asU8List(stackValue.width));
+    final stackOffset = _StackValue.WithOffset(valueOffset, ValueType.IndirectFloat, stackValue.width);
+    _stack.add(stackOffset);
+    _offset = newOffset;
+    if (cache) {
+      _indirectDoubleCache[value] = stackOffset;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /// This method starts a vector definition and needs to be followed by 0 to n add... value calls.
+  ///
+  /// The vector definition needs to be finished with an [end] call.
+  /// It is also possible to add nested vector or map by calling [startVector] / [startMap].
+  void startVector() {
+    _integrityCheckOnValueAddition();
+    _stackPointers.add(_StackPointer(_stack.length, true));
+  }
+
+  /// This method starts a map definition.
+  ///
+  /// This method call needs to be followed by 0 to n [addKey] +  add... value calls.
+  /// The map definition needs to be finished with an [end] call.
+  /// It is also possible to add nested vector or map by calling [startVector] / [startMap] after calling [addKey].
+  void startMap() {
+    _integrityCheckOnValueAddition();
+    _stackPointers.add(_StackPointer(_stack.length, false));
+  }
+
+  /// Marks that the addition of values to the last vector, or map have ended.
+  void end() {
+    final pointer = _stackPointers.removeLast();
+    if (pointer.isVector) {
+      _endVector(pointer);
+    } else {
+      _sortKeysAndEndMap(pointer);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /// Finish building the FlatBuffer and return array of bytes.
+  ///
+  /// Can be called multiple times, to get the array of bytes.
+  /// After the first call, adding values, or starting vectors / maps will result in an exception.
+  Uint8List finish() {
+    if (_finished == false) {
+      _finish();
+    }
+    return _buffer.buffer.asUint8List(0, _offset);
+  }
+
+  /// Builds a FlatBuffer with current state without finishing the builder.
+  ///
+  /// Creates an internal temporary copy of current builder and finishes the copy.
+  /// Use this method, when the state of a long lasting builder need to be persisted periodically.
+  ByteBuffer snapshot() {
+    final tmp = Builder(size: _offset + 200);
+    tmp._offset = _offset;
+    tmp._stack = List.from(_stack);
+    tmp._stackPointers = List.from(_stackPointers);
+    tmp._buffer.buffer.asUint8List().setAll(0, _buffer.buffer.asUint8List(0, _offset));
+    for (var i = 0; i < tmp._stackPointers.length; i++){
+      tmp.end();
+    }
+    final buffer = tmp.finish();
+    final bd = ByteData(buffer.lengthInBytes);
+    bd.buffer.asUint8List().setAll(0, buffer);
+    return bd.buffer;
+  }
+  
+  void _integrityCheckOnValueAddition() {
+    if (_finished) {
+      throw StateError('Adding values after finish is prohibited');
+    }
+    if (_stackPointers.isNotEmpty && _stackPointers.last.isVector == false) {
+      if (_stack.last.type != ValueType.Key) {
+        throw StateError('Adding value to a map before adding a key is prohibited');
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  void _integrityCheckOnKeyAddition() {
+    if (_finished) {
+      throw StateError('Adding values after finish is prohibited');
+    }
+    if (_stackPointers.isEmpty || _stackPointers.last.isVector) {
+      throw StateError('Adding key before staring a map is prohibited');
+    }
+  }
+
+  void _finish() {
+    if (_stack.length != 1) {
+      throw StateError('Stack has to be exactly 1, but is ${_stack.length}. You have to end all started vectors and maps, before calling [finish]');
+    }
+    final value = _stack[0];
+    final byteWidth = _align(value.elementWidth(_offset, 0));
+    _writeStackValue(value, byteWidth);
+    _writeUInt(value.storedPackedType(), 1);
+    _writeUInt(byteWidth, 1);
+    _finished = true;
+  }
+  
+  _StackValue _createVector(int start, int vecLength, int step, [_StackValue keys]) {
+    var bitWidth = BitWidthUtil.uwidth(vecLength);
+    var prefixElements = 1;
+    if (keys != null) {
+      var elemWidth = keys.elementWidth(_offset, 0);
+      if (elemWidth.index > bitWidth.index) {
+        bitWidth = elemWidth;
+      }
+      prefixElements += 2;
+    }
+    var vectorType = ValueType.Key;
+    var typed = keys == null;
+    for (var i = start; i < _stack.length; i += step) {
+      final elemWidth = _stack[i].elementWidth(_offset, i + prefixElements);
+      if (elemWidth.index > bitWidth.index) {
+        bitWidth = elemWidth;
+      }
+      if (i == start) {
+        vectorType = _stack[i].type;
+        typed &= ValueTypeUtils.isTypedVectorElement(vectorType);
+      } else {
+        if (vectorType != _stack[i].type) {
+          typed = false;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    final byteWidth = _align(bitWidth);
+    final fix = typed & ValueTypeUtils.isNumber(vectorType) && vecLength >= 2 && vecLength <= 4;
+    if (keys != null) {
+      _writeStackValue(keys, byteWidth);
+      _writeUInt(1 << keys.width.index, byteWidth);
+    }
+    if (fix == false) {
+      _writeUInt(vecLength, byteWidth);
+    }
+    final vecOffset = _offset;
+    for (var i = start; i < _stack.length; i += step) {
+      _writeStackValue(_stack[i], byteWidth);
+    }
+    if (typed == false) {
+      for (var i = start; i < _stack.length; i += step) {
+        _writeUInt(_stack[i].storedPackedType(), 1);
+      }
+    }
+    if (keys != null) {
+      return _StackValue.WithOffset(vecOffset, ValueType.Map, bitWidth);
+    }
+    if (typed) {
+      final vType = ValueTypeUtils.toTypedVector(vectorType, fix ? vecLength : 0);
+      return _StackValue.WithOffset(vecOffset, vType, bitWidth);
+    }
+    return _StackValue.WithOffset(vecOffset, ValueType.Vector, bitWidth);
+  }
+
+  void _endVector(_StackPointer pointer) {
+    final vecLength = _stack.length - pointer.stackPosition;
+    final vec = _createVector(pointer.stackPosition, vecLength, 1);
+    _stack.removeRange(pointer.stackPosition, _stack.length);
+    _stack.add(vec);
+  }
+
+  void _sortKeysAndEndMap(_StackPointer pointer) {
+    if (((_stack.length - pointer.stackPosition) & 1) == 1) {
+      throw StateError('The stack needs to hold key value pairs (even number of elements). Check if you combined [addKey] with add... method calls properly.');
+    }
+
+    var sorted = true;
+    for (var i = pointer.stackPosition; i < _stack.length - 2; i += 2) {
+      if (_shouldFlip(_stack[i], _stack[i+2])) {
+        sorted = false;
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (sorted == false) {
+      for (var i = pointer.stackPosition; i < _stack.length; i += 2) {
+        var flipIndex = i;
+        for (var j = i + 2; j < _stack.length; j += 2) {
+          if (_shouldFlip(_stack[flipIndex], _stack[j])) {
+            flipIndex = j;
+          }
+        }
+        if (flipIndex != i) {
+          var k = _stack[flipIndex];
+          var v = _stack[flipIndex + 1];
+          _stack[flipIndex] = _stack[i];
+          _stack[flipIndex + 1] = _stack[i + 1];
+          _stack[i] = k;
+          _stack[i + 1] = v;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    _endMap(pointer);
+  }
+  
+  void _endMap(_StackPointer pointer) {
+    final vecLength = (_stack.length - pointer.stackPosition) >> 1;
+    final offsets = <int>[];
+    for (var i = pointer.stackPosition; i < _stack.length; i += 2) {
+      offsets.add(_stack[i].offset);
+    }
+    final keysHash = _KeysHash(offsets);
+    var keysStackValue;
+    if (_keyVectorCache.containsKey(keysHash)) {
+      keysStackValue = _keyVectorCache[keysHash];
+    } else {
+      keysStackValue = _createVector(pointer.stackPosition, vecLength, 2);
+      _keyVectorCache[keysHash] = keysStackValue;
+    }
+    final vec = _createVector(pointer.stackPosition + 1, vecLength, 2, keysStackValue);
+    _stack.removeRange(pointer.stackPosition, _stack.length);
+    _stack.add(vec);
+  }
+
+  bool _shouldFlip(_StackValue v1, _StackValue v2) {
+    if (v1.type != ValueType.Key || v2.type != ValueType.Key) {
+      throw StateError('Stack values are not keys $v1 | $v2. Check if you combined [addKey] with add... method calls properly.');
+    }
+
+    var c1, c2;
+    var index = 0;
+    do {
+      c1 = _buffer.getUint8(v1.offset + index);
+      c2 = _buffer.getUint8(v2.offset + index);
+      if (c2 < c1) return true;
+      if (c1 < c2) return false;
+      index += 1;
+    } while (c1 != 0 && c2 != 0);
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  int _align(BitWidth width) {
+    final byteWidth = BitWidthUtil.toByteWidth(width);
+    _offset += BitWidthUtil.paddingSize(_offset, byteWidth);
+    return byteWidth;
+  }
+
+  void _writeStackValue(_StackValue value, int byteWidth) {
+    final newOffset = _newOffset(byteWidth);
+    if (value.isOffset) {
+      final relativeOffset = _offset - value.offset;
+      if (byteWidth == 8 || relativeOffset < (1 << (byteWidth * 8))) {
+        _writeUInt(relativeOffset, byteWidth);
+      } else {
+        throw StateError('Unexpected size $byteWidth. This might be a bug. Please create an issue https://github.com/google/flatbuffers/issues/new');
+      }
+    } else {
+      _pushBuffer(value.asU8List(BitWidthUtil.fromByteWidth(byteWidth)));
+    }
+    _offset = newOffset;
+  }
+
+  void _writeUInt(int value, int byteWidth) {
+    final newOffset = _newOffset(byteWidth);
+    _pushUInt(value, BitWidthUtil.fromByteWidth(byteWidth));
+    _offset = newOffset;
+  }
+
+  int _newOffset(int newValueSize) {
+    final newOffset = _offset + newValueSize;
+    var size = _buffer.lengthInBytes;
+    final prevSize = size;
+    while (size < newOffset) {
+      size <<= 1;
+    }
+    if (prevSize < size) {
+      final newBuf = ByteData(size);
+      newBuf.buffer
+          .asUint8List()
+          .setAll(0, _buffer.buffer.asUint8List());
+    }
+    return newOffset;
+  }
+
+  void _pushInt(int value, BitWidth width) {
+    switch (width) {
+
+      case BitWidth.width8:
+        _buffer.setInt8(_offset, value);
+        break;
+      case BitWidth.width16:
+        _buffer.setInt16(_offset, value, Endian.little);
+        break;
+      case BitWidth.width32:
+        _buffer.setInt32(_offset, value, Endian.little);
+        break;
+      case BitWidth.width64:
+        _buffer.setInt64(_offset, value, Endian.little);
+        break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  void _pushUInt(int value, BitWidth width) {
+    switch (width) {
+
+      case BitWidth.width8:
+        _buffer.setUint8(_offset, value);
+        break;
+      case BitWidth.width16:
+        _buffer.setUint16(_offset, value, Endian.little);
+        break;
+      case BitWidth.width32:
+        _buffer.setUint32(_offset, value, Endian.little);
+        break;
+      case BitWidth.width64:
+        _buffer.setUint64(_offset, value, Endian.little);
+        break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  void _pushBuffer(List<int> value) {
+    _buffer.buffer.asUint8List().setAll(_offset, value);
+  }
+}
+
+class _StackValue {
+  Object _value;
+  int _offset;
+  ValueType _type;
+  BitWidth _width;
+  _StackValue.WithNull() {
+    _type = ValueType.Null;
+    _width = BitWidth.width8;
+  }
+  _StackValue.WithInt(int value) {
+    _type = value != null ? ValueType.Int : ValueType.Null;
+    _width = BitWidthUtil.width(value);
+    _value = value;
+  }
+  _StackValue.WithBool(bool value) {
+    _type = value != null ? ValueType.Bool : ValueType.Null;
+    _width = BitWidth.width8;
+    _value = value;
+  }
+  _StackValue.WithDouble(double value) {
+    _type = value != null ? ValueType.Float : ValueType.Null;
+    _width = BitWidthUtil.width(value);
+    _value = value;
+  }
+  _StackValue.WithOffset(int value, ValueType type, BitWidth width) {
+    _offset = value;
+    _type = type;
+    _width = width;
+  }
+
+  BitWidth storedWidth({BitWidth width = BitWidth.width8}) {
+    return ValueTypeUtils.isInline(_type) ? BitWidthUtil.max(_width, width) : _width;
+  }
+
+  int storedPackedType({BitWidth width = BitWidth.width8}) {
+    return ValueTypeUtils.packedType(_type, storedWidth(width: width));
+  }
+
+  BitWidth elementWidth(int size, int index) {
+    if (ValueTypeUtils.isInline(_type)) return _width;
+    for(var i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+      final width = 1 << i;
+      final offsetLoc = size + BitWidthUtil.paddingSize(size, width) + index * width;
+      final offset = offsetLoc - _offset;
+      final bitWidth = BitWidthUtil.uwidth(offset);
+      if (1 << bitWidth.index == width) {
+        return bitWidth;
+      }
+    }
+    throw StateError('Element is of unknown. Size: $size at index: $index. This might be a bug. Please create an issue https://github.com/google/flatbuffers/issues/new');
+  }
+
+  List<int> asU8List(BitWidth width) {
+    if (ValueTypeUtils.isNumber(_type)) {
+      if (_type == ValueType.Float) {
+        if (width == BitWidth.width32) {
+          final result = ByteData(4);
+          result.setFloat32(0, _value, Endian.little);
+          return result.buffer.asUint8List();
+        } else {
+          final result = ByteData(8);
+          result.setFloat64(0, _value, Endian.little);
+          return result.buffer.asUint8List();
+        }
+      } else {
+        switch(width) {
+          case BitWidth.width8:
+            final result = ByteData(1);
+            result.setInt8(0, _value);
+            return result.buffer.asUint8List();
+          case BitWidth.width16:
+            final result = ByteData(2);
+            result.setInt16(0, _value, Endian.little);
+            return result.buffer.asUint8List();
+          case BitWidth.width32:
+            final result = ByteData(4);
+            result.setInt32(0, _value, Endian.little);
+            return result.buffer.asUint8List();
+          case BitWidth.width64:
+            final result = ByteData(8);
+            result.setInt64(0, _value, Endian.little);
+            return result.buffer.asUint8List();
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    if (_type == ValueType.Null) {
+      final result = ByteData(1);
+      result.setInt8(0, 0);
+      return result.buffer.asUint8List();
+    }
+    if (_type == ValueType.Bool) {
+      final result = ByteData(1);
+      result.setInt8(0, _value ? 1 : 0);
+      return result.buffer.asUint8List();
+    }
+
+    throw StateError('Unexpected type: $_type. This might be a bug. Please create an issue https://github.com/google/flatbuffers/issues/new');
+  }
+
+  ValueType get type {
+    return _type;
+  }
+
+  BitWidth get width {
+    return _width;
+  }
+
+  bool get isOffset {
+    return !ValueTypeUtils.isInline(_type);
+  }
+  int get offset => _offset;
+
+  bool get isFloat32 {
+    return _type == ValueType.Float && _width == BitWidth.width32;
+  }
+}
+
+class _StackPointer {
+  int stackPosition;
+  bool isVector;
+  _StackPointer(this.stackPosition, this.isVector);
+}
+
+class _KeysHash {
+  final List<int> keys;
+
+  const _KeysHash(this.keys);
+
+  @override
+  bool operator ==(Object other) {
+    if (other is _KeysHash) {
+      if (keys.length != other.keys.length) return false;
+      for (var i = 0; i < keys.length; i++) {
+        if (keys[i] != other.keys[i]) return false;
+      }
+      return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  @override
+  int get hashCode {
+    var result = 17;
+    for (var i = 0; i < keys.length; i++) {
+      result = result * 23 + keys[i];
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/dart/lib/src/reference.dart b/dart/lib/src/reference.dart
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3954f06
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dart/lib/src/reference.dart
@@ -0,0 +1,446 @@
+import 'dart:collection';
+import 'dart:convert';
+import 'dart:typed_data';
+import 'types.dart';
+
+/// Main class to read a value out of a FlexBuffer.
+///
+/// This class let you access values stored in the buffer in a lazy fashion.
+class Reference {
+  final ByteData _buffer;
+  final int _offset;
+  final BitWidth _parentWidth;
+  final String _path;
+  int _byteWidth;
+  ValueType _valueType;
+  int _length;
+
+  Reference._(this._buffer, this._offset, this._parentWidth, int packedType, this._path) {
+    _byteWidth = 1 << (packedType & 3);
+    _valueType = ValueTypeUtils.fromInt(packedType >> 2);
+  }
+
+  /// Use this method to access the root value of a FlexBuffer.
+  static Reference fromBuffer(ByteBuffer buffer) {
+    final len = buffer.lengthInBytes;
+    if (len < 3) {
+      throw UnsupportedError('Buffer needs to be bigger than 3');
+    }
+    final byteData = ByteData.view(buffer);
+    final byteWidth = byteData.getUint8(len - 1);
+    final packedType = byteData.getUint8(len - 2);
+    final offset = len - byteWidth - 2;
+    return Reference._(ByteData.view(buffer), offset, BitWidthUtil.fromByteWidth(byteWidth), packedType, "/");
+  }
+
+  /// Returns true if the underlying value is null.
+  bool get isNull => _valueType == ValueType.Null;
+  /// Returns true if the underlying value can be represented as [num].
+  bool get isNum => ValueTypeUtils.isNumber(_valueType) || ValueTypeUtils.isIndirectNumber(_valueType);
+  /// Returns true if the underlying value was encoded as a float (direct or indirect).
+  bool get isDouble => _valueType == ValueType.Float || _valueType == ValueType.IndirectFloat;
+  /// Returns true if the underlying value was encoded as an int or uint (direct or indirect).
+  bool get isInt => isNum && !isDouble;
+  /// Returns true if the underlying value was encoded as a string or a key.
+  bool get isString => _valueType == ValueType.String || _valueType == ValueType.Key;
+  /// Returns true if the underlying value was encoded as a bool.
+  bool get isBool => _valueType == ValueType.Bool;
+  /// Returns true if the underlying value was encoded as a blob.
+  bool get isBlob => _valueType == ValueType.Blob;
+  /// Returns true if the underlying value points to a vector.
+  bool get isVector => ValueTypeUtils.isAVector(_valueType);
+  /// Returns true if the underlying value points to a map.
+  bool get isMap => _valueType == ValueType.Map;
+
+  /// If this [isBool], returns the bool value. Otherwise, returns null.
+  bool get boolValue {
+    if(_valueType == ValueType.Bool) {
+      return _readInt(_offset, _parentWidth) != 0;
+    }
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  /// Returns an [int], if the underlying value can be represented as an int.
+  ///
+  /// Otherwise returns [null].
+  int get intValue {
+    if (_valueType == ValueType.Int) {
+      return _readInt(_offset, _parentWidth);
+    }
+    if (_valueType == ValueType.UInt) {
+      return _readUInt(_offset, _parentWidth);
+    }
+    if (_valueType == ValueType.IndirectInt) {
+      return _readInt(_indirect, BitWidthUtil.fromByteWidth(_byteWidth));
+    }
+    if (_valueType == ValueType.IndirectUInt) {
+      return _readUInt(_indirect, BitWidthUtil.fromByteWidth(_byteWidth));
+    }
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  /// Returns [double], if the underlying value [isDouble].
+  ///
+  /// Otherwise returns [null].
+  double get doubleValue {
+    if (_valueType == ValueType.Float) {
+      return _readFloat(_offset, _parentWidth);
+    }
+    if (_valueType == ValueType.IndirectFloat) {
+      return _readFloat(_indirect, BitWidthUtil.fromByteWidth(_byteWidth));
+    }
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  /// Returns [num], if the underlying value is numeric, be it int uint, or float (direct or indirect).
+  ///
+  /// Otherwise returns [null].
+  num get numValue => doubleValue ?? intValue;
+
+  /// Returns [String] value or null otherwise.
+  /// 
+  /// This method performers a utf8 decoding, as FlexBuffers format stores strings in utf8 encoding. 
+  String get stringValue {
+    if (_valueType == ValueType.String || _valueType == ValueType.Key) {
+      return utf8.decode(_buffer.buffer.asUint8List(_indirect, length));
+    }
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  /// Returns [Uint8List] value or null otherwise.
+  Uint8List get blobValue {
+    if (_valueType == ValueType.Blob) {
+      return _buffer.buffer.asUint8List(_indirect, length);
+    }
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  /// Can be used with an [int] or a [String] value for key.
+  /// If the underlying value in FlexBuffer is a vector, then use [int] for access.
+  /// If the underlying value in FlexBuffer is a map, then use [String] for access.
+  /// Returns [Reference] value. Throws an exception when [key] is not applicable.
+  Reference operator [](Object key) {
+    if (key is int && ValueTypeUtils.isAVector(_valueType)) {
+      final index = key;
+      if(index >= length || index < 0) {
+        throw ArgumentError('Key: [$key] is not applicable on: $_path of: $_valueType length: $length');
+      }
+      final elementOffset = _indirect + index * _byteWidth;
+      final reference = Reference._(_buffer, elementOffset, BitWidthUtil.fromByteWidth(_byteWidth), 0, "$_path[$index]");
+      reference._byteWidth = 1;
+      if (ValueTypeUtils.isTypedVector(_valueType)) {
+        reference._valueType = ValueTypeUtils.typedVectorElementType(_valueType);
+        return reference;
+      }
+      if(ValueTypeUtils.isFixedTypedVector(_valueType)) {
+        reference._valueType = ValueTypeUtils.fixedTypedVectorElementType(_valueType);
+        return reference;
+      }
+      final packedType = _buffer.getUint8(_indirect + length * _byteWidth + index);
+      return Reference._(_buffer, elementOffset, BitWidthUtil.fromByteWidth(_byteWidth), packedType, "$_path[$index]");
+    }
+    if (key is String && _valueType == ValueType.Map) {
+      final index = _keyIndex(key);
+      if (index != null) {
+        return _valueForIndexWithKey(index, key);
+      }
+    }
+    throw ArgumentError('Key: [$key] is not applicable on: $_path of: $_valueType');
+  }
+
+  /// Get an iterable if the underlying flexBuffer value is a vector.
+  /// Otherwise throws an exception.
+  Iterable<Reference> get vectorIterable {
+    if(isVector == false) {
+      throw UnsupportedError('Value is not a vector. It is: $_valueType');
+    }
+    return _VectorIterator(this);
+  }
+
+  /// Get an iterable for keys if the underlying flexBuffer value is a map.
+  /// Otherwise throws an exception.
+  Iterable<String> get mapKeyIterable {
+    if(isMap == false) {
+      throw UnsupportedError('Value is not a map. It is: $_valueType');
+    }
+    return _MapKeyIterator(this);
+  }
+
+  /// Get an iterable for values if the underlying flexBuffer value is a map.
+  /// Otherwise throws an exception.
+  Iterable<Reference> get mapValueIterable {
+    if(isMap == false) {
+      throw UnsupportedError('Value is not a map. It is: $_valueType');
+    }
+    return _MapValueIterator(this);
+  }
+
+  /// Returns the length of the the underlying FlexBuffer value.
+  /// If the underlying value is [null] the length is 0.
+  /// If the underlying value is a number, or a bool, the length is 1.
+  /// If the underlying value is a vector, or map, the length reflects number of elements / element pairs.
+  /// If the values is a string or a blob, the length reflects a number of bytes the value occupies (strings are encoded in utf8 format).
+  int get length {
+    if (_length != null) {
+      return _length;
+    }
+    // needs to be checked before more generic isAVector
+    if(ValueTypeUtils.isFixedTypedVector(_valueType)) {
+      _length = ValueTypeUtils.fixedTypedVectorElementSize(_valueType);
+    } else if(_valueType == ValueType.Blob || ValueTypeUtils.isAVector(_valueType) || _valueType == ValueType.Map){
+      _length = _readUInt(_indirect - _byteWidth, BitWidthUtil.fromByteWidth(_byteWidth));
+    } else if (_valueType == ValueType.Null) {
+      _length = 0;
+    } else if (_valueType == ValueType.String) {
+      final indirect = _indirect;
+      var size_byte_width = _byteWidth;
+      var size = _readUInt(indirect - size_byte_width, BitWidthUtil.fromByteWidth(size_byte_width));
+      while (_buffer.getInt8(indirect + size) != 0) {
+        size_byte_width <<= 1;
+        size = _readUInt(indirect - size_byte_width, BitWidthUtil.fromByteWidth(size_byte_width));
+      }
+      _length = size;
+    } else if (_valueType == ValueType.Key) {
+      final indirect = _indirect;
+      var size = 1;
+      while (_buffer.getInt8(indirect + size) != 0) {
+        size += 1;
+      }
+      _length = size;
+    } else {
+      _length = 1;
+    }
+    return _length;
+  }
+
+
+  /// Returns a minified JSON representation of the underlying FlexBuffer value.
+  ///
+  /// This method involves materializing the entire object tree, which may be
+  /// expensive. It is more efficient to work with [Reference] and access only the needed data.
+  /// Blob values are represented as base64 encoded string.
+  String get json {
+    if(_valueType == ValueType.Bool) {
+      return boolValue ? 'true' : 'false';
+    }
+    if (_valueType == ValueType.Null) {
+      return 'null';
+    }
+    if(ValueTypeUtils.isNumber(_valueType)) {
+      return jsonEncode(numValue);
+    }
+    if (_valueType == ValueType.String) {
+      return jsonEncode(stringValue);
+    }
+    if (_valueType == ValueType.Blob) {
+      return jsonEncode(base64Encode(blobValue));
+    }
+    if (ValueTypeUtils.isAVector(_valueType)) {
+      final result = StringBuffer();
+      result.write('[');
+      for (var i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+        result.write(this[i].json);
+        if (i < length - 1) {
+          result.write(',');
+        }
+      }
+      result.write(']');
+      return result.toString();
+    }
+    if (_valueType == ValueType.Map) {
+      final result = StringBuffer();
+      result.write('{');
+      for (var i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+        result.write(jsonEncode(_keyForIndex(i)));
+        result.write(':');
+        result.write(_valueForIndex(i).json);
+        if (i < length - 1) {
+          result.write(',');
+        }
+      }
+      result.write('}');
+      return result.toString();
+    }
+    throw UnsupportedError('Type: $_valueType is not supported for JSON conversion');
+  }
+
+  /// Computes the indirect offset of the value.
+  ///
+  /// To optimize for the more common case of being called only once, this
+  /// value is not cached. Callers that need to use it more than once should
+  /// cache the return value in a local variable.
+  int get _indirect {
+    final step = _readUInt(_offset, _parentWidth);
+    return _offset - step;
+  }
+
+  int _readInt(int offset, BitWidth width) {
+    _validateOffset(offset, width);
+    if (width == BitWidth.width8) {
+      return _buffer.getInt8(offset);
+    }
+    if (width == BitWidth.width16) {
+      return _buffer.getInt16(offset, Endian.little);
+    }
+    if (width == BitWidth.width32) {
+      return _buffer.getInt32(offset, Endian.little);
+    }
+    return _buffer.getInt64(offset, Endian.little);
+  }
+
+  int _readUInt(int offset, BitWidth width) {
+    _validateOffset(offset, width);
+    if (width == BitWidth.width8) {
+      return _buffer.getUint8(offset);
+    }
+    if (width == BitWidth.width16) {
+      return _buffer.getUint16(offset, Endian.little);
+    }
+    if (width == BitWidth.width32) {
+      return _buffer.getUint32(offset, Endian.little);
+    }
+    return _buffer.getUint64(offset, Endian.little);
+  }
+
+  double _readFloat(int offset, BitWidth width) {
+    _validateOffset(offset, width);
+    if (width.index < BitWidth.width32.index) {
+      throw StateError('Bad width: $width');
+    }
+
+    if (width == BitWidth.width32) {
+      return _buffer.getFloat32(offset, Endian.little);
+    }
+
+    return _buffer.getFloat64(offset, Endian.little);
+  }
+
+  void _validateOffset(int offset, BitWidth width) {
+    if (_offset < 0 || _buffer.lengthInBytes <= offset + width.index || offset & (BitWidthUtil.toByteWidth(width) - 1) != 0) {
+      throw StateError('Bad offset: $offset, width: $width');
+    }
+  }
+
+  int _keyIndex(String key) {
+    final input = utf8.encode(key);
+    final keysVectorOffset = _indirect - _byteWidth * 3;
+    final indirectOffset = keysVectorOffset - _readUInt(keysVectorOffset, BitWidthUtil.fromByteWidth(_byteWidth));
+    final byteWidth = _readUInt(keysVectorOffset + _byteWidth, BitWidthUtil.fromByteWidth(_byteWidth));
+    var low = 0;
+    var high = length - 1;
+    while (low <= high) {
+      final mid = (high + low) >> 1;
+      final dif = _diffKeys(input, mid, indirectOffset, byteWidth);
+      if (dif == 0) return mid;
+      if (dif < 0) {
+        high = mid - 1;
+      } else {
+        low = mid + 1;
+      }
+    }
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  int _diffKeys(List<int> input, int index, int indirect_offset, int byteWidth) {
+    final keyOffset = indirect_offset + index * byteWidth;
+    final keyIndirectOffset = keyOffset - _readUInt(keyOffset, BitWidthUtil.fromByteWidth(byteWidth));
+    for (var i = 0; i < input.length; i++) {
+      final dif = input[i] - _buffer.getUint8(keyIndirectOffset + i);
+      if (dif != 0) {
+        return dif;
+      }
+    }
+    return (_buffer.getUint8(keyIndirectOffset + input.length) == 0) ? 0 : -1;
+  }
+
+  Reference _valueForIndexWithKey(int index, String key) {
+    final indirect = _indirect;
+    final elementOffset = indirect + index * _byteWidth;
+    final packedType = _buffer.getUint8(indirect + length * _byteWidth + index);
+    return Reference._(_buffer, elementOffset, BitWidthUtil.fromByteWidth(_byteWidth), packedType, "$_path/$key");
+  }
+
+  Reference _valueForIndex(int index) {
+    final indirect = _indirect;
+    final elementOffset = indirect + index * _byteWidth;
+    final packedType = _buffer.getUint8(indirect + length * _byteWidth + index);
+    return Reference._(_buffer, elementOffset, BitWidthUtil.fromByteWidth(_byteWidth), packedType, "$_path/[$index]");
+  }
+
+  String _keyForIndex(int index) {
+    final keysVectorOffset = _indirect - _byteWidth * 3;
+    final indirectOffset = keysVectorOffset - _readUInt(keysVectorOffset, BitWidthUtil.fromByteWidth(_byteWidth));
+    final byteWidth = _readUInt(keysVectorOffset + _byteWidth, BitWidthUtil.fromByteWidth(_byteWidth));
+    final keyOffset = indirectOffset + index * byteWidth;
+    final keyIndirectOffset = keyOffset - _readUInt(keyOffset, BitWidthUtil.fromByteWidth(byteWidth));
+    var length = 0;
+    while (_buffer.getUint8(keyIndirectOffset + length) != 0) {
+      length += 1;
+    }
+    return utf8.decode(_buffer.buffer.asUint8List(keyIndirectOffset, length));
+  }
+
+}
+
+class _VectorIterator with IterableMixin<Reference> implements Iterator<Reference> {
+  final Reference _vector;
+  int index;
+
+  _VectorIterator(this._vector) {
+    index = -1;
+  }
+
+  @override
+  Reference get current => _vector[index];
+
+  @override
+  bool moveNext() {
+    index++;
+    return index < _vector.length;
+  }
+
+  @override
+  Iterator<Reference> get iterator => this;
+}
+
+class _MapKeyIterator with IterableMixin<String> implements Iterator<String> {
+  final Reference _map;
+  int index;
+
+  _MapKeyIterator(this._map) {
+    index = -1;
+  }
+
+  @override
+  String get current => _map._keyForIndex(index);
+
+  @override
+  bool moveNext() {
+    index++;
+    return index < _map.length;
+  }
+
+  @override
+  Iterator<String> get iterator => this;
+}
+
+class _MapValueIterator with IterableMixin<Reference> implements Iterator<Reference> {
+  final Reference _map;
+  int index;
+
+  _MapValueIterator(this._map) {
+    index = -1;
+  }
+
+  @override
+  Reference get current => _map._valueForIndex(index);
+
+  @override
+  bool moveNext() {
+    index++;
+    return index < _map.length;
+  }
+
+  @override
+  Iterator<Reference> get iterator => this;
+}
diff --git a/dart/lib/src/types.dart b/dart/lib/src/types.dart
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8aed272
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dart/lib/src/types.dart
@@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
+import 'dart:typed_data';
+
+/// Represents the number of bits a value occupies.
+enum BitWidth {
+  width8,
+  width16,
+  width32,
+  width64
+}
+
+class BitWidthUtil {
+  static int toByteWidth(BitWidth self) {
+    return 1 << self.index;
+  }
+  static BitWidth width(num value) {
+    if (value.toInt() == value) {
+      var v = value.toInt().abs();
+      if (v >> 7 == 0) return BitWidth.width8;
+      if (v >> 15 == 0) return BitWidth.width16;
+      if (v >> 31 == 0) return BitWidth.width32;
+      return BitWidth.width64;
+    }
+    return value == _toF32(value) ? BitWidth.width32 : BitWidth.width64;
+  }
+  static BitWidth uwidth(num value) {
+    if (value.toInt() == value) {
+      var v = value.toInt().abs();
+      if (v >> 8 == 0) return BitWidth.width8;
+      if (v >> 16 == 0) return BitWidth.width16;
+      if (v >> 32 == 0) return BitWidth.width32;
+      return BitWidth.width64;
+    }
+    return value == _toF32(value) ? BitWidth.width32 : BitWidth.width64;
+  }
+  static BitWidth fromByteWidth(int value) {
+    if (value == 1) {
+      return BitWidth.width8;
+    }
+    if (value == 2) {
+      return BitWidth.width16;
+    }
+    if (value == 4) {
+      return BitWidth.width32;
+    }
+    if (value == 8) {
+      return BitWidth.width64;
+    }
+    throw Exception('Unexpected value ${value}');
+  }
+  static int paddingSize(int bufSize, int scalarSize) {
+    return (~bufSize + 1) & (scalarSize - 1);
+  }
+  static double _toF32(double value) {
+    var bdata = ByteData(4);
+    bdata.setFloat32(0, value);
+    return bdata.getFloat32(0);
+  }
+
+  static BitWidth max(BitWidth self, BitWidth other) {
+    if (self.index < other.index) {
+      return other;
+    }
+    return self;
+  }
+}
+
+/// Represents all internal FlexBuffer types.
+enum ValueType {
+  Null, Int, UInt, Float,
+  Key, String, IndirectInt, IndirectUInt, IndirectFloat,
+  Map, Vector, VectorInt, VectorUInt, VectorFloat, VectorKey,
+  @Deprecated('VectorString is deprecated due to a flaw in the binary format (https://github.com/google/flatbuffers/issues/5627)')
+  VectorString,
+  VectorInt2, VectorUInt2, VectorFloat2,
+  VectorInt3, VectorUInt3, VectorFloat3,
+  VectorInt4, VectorUInt4, VectorFloat4,
+  Blob, Bool, VectorBool
+}
+
+class ValueTypeUtils {
+  static int toInt(ValueType self) {
+    if (self == ValueType.VectorBool) return 36;
+    return self.index;
+  }
+
+  static ValueType fromInt(int value) {
+    if (value == 36) return ValueType.VectorBool;
+    return ValueType.values[value];
+  }
+
+  static bool isInline(ValueType self) {
+    return self == ValueType.Bool
+        || toInt(self) <= toInt(ValueType.Float);
+  }
+
+  static bool isNumber(ValueType self) {
+    return toInt(self) >= toInt(ValueType.Int)
+        && toInt(self) <= toInt(ValueType.Float);
+  }
+
+  static bool isIndirectNumber(ValueType self) {
+    return toInt(self) >= toInt(ValueType.IndirectInt)
+        && toInt(self) <= toInt(ValueType.IndirectFloat);
+  }
+
+  static bool isTypedVectorElement(ValueType self) {
+    return self == ValueType.Bool ||
+        (
+            toInt(self) >= toInt(ValueType.Int)
+            && toInt(self) <= toInt(ValueType.String)
+        );
+  }
+
+  static bool isTypedVector(ValueType self) {
+    return self == ValueType.VectorBool ||
+        (
+          toInt(self) >= toInt(ValueType.VectorInt)
+              && toInt(self) <= toInt(ValueType.VectorString)
+        );
+  }
+
+  static bool isFixedTypedVector(ValueType self) {
+    return (
+            toInt(self) >= toInt(ValueType.VectorInt2)
+                && toInt(self) <= toInt(ValueType.VectorFloat4)
+        );
+  }
+
+  static bool isAVector(ValueType self) {
+    return (
+        isTypedVector(self) || isFixedTypedVector(self) || self == ValueType.Vector
+    );
+  }
+
+  static ValueType toTypedVector(ValueType self, int length) {
+    if (length == 0) {
+      return ValueTypeUtils.fromInt(toInt(self) - toInt(ValueType.Int) + toInt(ValueType.VectorInt));
+    }
+    if (length == 2) {
+      return ValueTypeUtils.fromInt(toInt(self) - toInt(ValueType.Int) + toInt(ValueType.VectorInt2));
+    }
+    if (length == 3) {
+      return ValueTypeUtils.fromInt(toInt(self) - toInt(ValueType.Int) + toInt(ValueType.VectorInt3));
+    }
+    if (length == 4) {
+      return ValueTypeUtils.fromInt(toInt(self) - toInt(ValueType.Int) + toInt(ValueType.VectorInt4));
+    }
+    throw Exception('unexpected length ' + length.toString());
+  }
+
+  static ValueType typedVectorElementType(ValueType self) {
+    return ValueTypeUtils.fromInt(toInt(self) - toInt(ValueType.VectorInt) + toInt(ValueType.Int));
+  }
+
+  static ValueType fixedTypedVectorElementType(ValueType self) {
+    return ValueTypeUtils.fromInt((toInt(self) - toInt(ValueType.VectorInt2)) % 3 + toInt(ValueType.Int));
+  }
+
+  static int fixedTypedVectorElementSize(ValueType self) {
+    return (toInt(self) - toInt(ValueType.VectorInt2)) ~/ 3 + 2;
+  }
+
+  static int packedType(ValueType self, BitWidth bitWidth) {
+    return bitWidth.index | (toInt(self) << 2);
+  }
+}